Roles of childhood maltreatment, personality traits, and life stress in the prediction of severe premenstrual symptoms

Chihiro Morishita; Takeshi Inoue; Mina Honyashiki; Miki Ono; Yoshio Iwata; Hajime Tanabe; Ichiro Kusumi; Jiro Masuya

doi:10.1186/s13030-022-00240-7

Roles of childhood maltreatment, personality traits, and life stress in the prediction of severe premenstrual symptoms

Biopsychosoc Med. 2022 Apr 28;16(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s13030-022-00240-7.

Authors

Chihiro Morishita¹, Takeshi Inoue², Mina Honyashiki², Miki Ono², Yoshio Iwata², Hajime Tanabe³, Ichiro Kusumi⁴, Jiro Masuya²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan. mchihiro@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
² Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
³ Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.

Abstract

Background: About 3% to 8% of women of fertile age are thought to have premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), which is regarded as a serious form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), although the details of this common condition remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the interrelations of childhood maltreatment, personality traits, and life stress in the etiology of PMS/PMDD.

Methods: A total of 240 adult female volunteers from a community in Japan were investigated, using the following 5 questionnaires: Patient Health Quesstionaire-9, Child Abuse and Trauma Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Life Experiences Survey, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) scale. The questionnaire data were subjected to path analyses to clarify the association between childhood maltreatment and the severity of premenstrual symptoms, mediated by personality traits and life stress.

Results: The 2 path analysis models showed that high harm avoidance (HA) on the TCI and low self-directedness (SD) on the TCI had significant direct effects on the severity of premenstrual symptoms. Moreover, childhood maltreatment was associated with the severity of premenstrual symptoms, both directly and indirectly through personality traits.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that HA on the TCI might be a risk factor for severe premenstrual symptoms among general women and furthermore that SD on the TCI may be a protective factor. In addition, childhood maltreatment is associated with severe premenstrual symptoms both directly and indirectly through personality traits.

Keywords: Maltreatment; Path analysis; Premenstrual mental symptoms; TCI; Women’s mental health.