Hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (HOB), a type of chemoautotroph, are a group of bacteria from different genera that share the ability to oxidize H2 and fix CO2 to provide energy and synthesize cellular material. Recently, HOB have received growing attention due to their potential for CO2 capture and waste recovery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological characteristics of HOB and their application in resource recovery and pollutant removal. Firstly, the enzymes, genes and corresponding regulation systems responsible for the key metabolic processes of HOB are discussed in detail. Then, the enrichment and cultivation methods including the coupled water splitting-biosynthetic system cultivation, mixed cultivation and two-stage cultivation strategies for HOB are summarized, which is the critical prerequisite for their application. On the basis, recent advances of HOB application in the recovery of high-value products and the removal of pollutants are presented. Finally, the key points for future investigation are proposed that more attention should be paid to the main limitations in the large-scale industrial application of HOB, including the mass transfer rate of the gases, the safety of the production processes and products, and the commercial value of the products.
Keywords: CO(2) fixation; High-value product; Hydrogenase; Pollutant removal; Waste recovery.
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