BackgroundNorth American Indigenous (NAI) adolescents experience disproportionate harm related to substance use compared to non-Indigenous adolescents. Strengths-based approaches to substance use prevention and treatment are consistent with Indigenous conceptualizations of health, which tend to be holistic and incorporate more spirituality and community than mainstream Western conceptualizations. Despite this, little is known about how positive psychological characteristics that might confer protection relate to substance use among NAI adolescents. Thus, the present study aims to examine the relations among life satisfaction, subjective happiness, self-compassion, and cigarette, marijuana, alcohol, and other drug use. MethodsParticipants were 106 reserve-dwelling First Nation adolescents located in Eastern Canada (Mage= 14.6 years, 50.0% female) who completed a paper-and-pencil survey regarding their substance use and psychological characteristics for a larger community-based participatory research project. ResultsGreater life satisfaction was significantly associated with decreased odds of lifetime (OR = 0.88, 95%CI [0.81, 0.96]) and current cigarette smoking (OR = 0.90, 95%CI [0.82, 0.99]). Greater subjective happiness was significantly associated with decreased odds of current marijuana use (OR = 0.83, 95%CI [0.71, 0.97]). Although significantly correlated with lower lifetime use of other drugs, self-compassion was not significantly associated with lifetime or current odds of substance use after controlling for age, gender, and other positive characteristics. DiscussionThis is one of the first studies to evaluate positive characteristics and substance use in NAI adolescents. Results point to positive characteristics that may be useful in substance use prevention and suggest the need for further research to further elucidate these associations.
Keywords: Indigenous; adolescent; life satisfaction; self-compassion; subjective happiness; substance use.