Autism is a neuro-developmental condition that first appears at less than three years of age. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include several symptoms, such as social communication impairment, stereotyping behaviors, speech abnormalities, and impairment of eye contact. Its prevalence has increased recently, and several factors play a role in increasing the risk of autism. Multiple studies and research explain the factors affecting the rate of autism, and in this article, we will review most of these factors. The aim of this review article is to increase awareness of the problem of autism and provide scientifically relevant information about the etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and management of ASD. Our perception of autism has evolved over time. A few years ago, the condition was nothing more than an unrecognized developmental delay, generally with intellectual disabilities. Today, it is recognized as a major public health issue and a topic of much research. Researchers have struggled to find a cause for ASD, and numerous treatments have been developed to maximize the potential to learn and become socially fluent, no matter how strong the impairments may be. Although there is no cure, there have been significant strides in identifying and developing treatments. Early prediction of autism is beneficial in an individual's treatment, which can be carried out by recognizing the risk factors of infants, thus leading to improved outcomes or even a complete cure. The prevalence of ASD has increased, and earlier prediction leads to the best outcomes.
Keywords: asd; autism; maternal factors; mmr vaccine; risk factors.
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