The economic impact of pharmacist care for people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review

Ali Ahmed; Juman Abdulelah Dujaili; Furqan Khurshid Hashmi; Ahmed Awaisu; Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk; Syed Shahzad Hasan

doi:10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100066

The economic impact of pharmacist care for people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review

Explor Res Clin Soc Pharm. 2021 Aug 30:3:100066. doi: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100066. eCollection 2021 Sep.

Authors

Ali Ahmed¹, Juman Abdulelah Dujaili¹, Furqan Khurshid Hashmi², Ahmed Awaisu³, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk^{1

4}, Syed Shahzad Hasan⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
² University College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Allama Iqbal Campus, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
³ College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
⁴ College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
⁵ Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK.

Abstract

Background and objective: There is an increase in the global prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While it has been proven that pharmacist interventions improve the health outcomes of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), the economic impact of these initiatives is uncertain. Consequently, we aim to systematically review and synthesize the evidence surrounding the economic impact of pharmacist care in PLWHA.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, IPA via ProQuest, the Cochrane Library, and the CINAHL Plus databases were systematically searched. Original studies evaluating the economic effect of pharmacist-managed services for PLWHA were included in the review. The quality of the economic studies was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standard (CHEERS) checklist.

Results: A search of databases yielded 4206 citations, four of which met the eligibility criteria. Three studies were conducted in a hospital-based outpatient facility, while one study was conducted in a community pharmacy setting. The types of "pharmacist-managed services" included targeted motivational education, pharmaceutical care, health screening for opportunistic infections, and referral to specialists. Two of the four economic evaluation studies had complete economic analyses and were rated as moderate in quality. In comparison with usual care, pharmacist services led to cost savings of (51.29 to 165.74 in 2021 USD$) per person per year, saving 18.5 h per patient per year, and a lower cost of generating 12 years of quality-adjusted life years. In addition, the benefit-to-cost ratio of the pharmacist service was 2.51:1.

Conclusions: The pharmacist-managed services demonstrated the benefits of improving overall PLWHA health outcomes in economic viability. However, future real world controlled, high-quality economic studies are required to determine the long-term cost-effectiveness of these services, given the pharmacist's growing role in the health care team managing PLWHA.

Keywords: Cost-benefit; Cost-effectiveness; HIV/AIDS care; Pharmaceutical care; Pharmacist; Pharmacoeconomics.

Publication types

Review