C- and S-Shaped Perylene Diimide Heterohelicenes: Modular Synthesis and Spiral-Stair-Like π-Stacking

Org Lett. 2022 May 6;24(17):3179-3183. doi: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00928. Epub 2022 Apr 27.

Abstract

A number of C- and S-shaped perylene diimide (PDI) heterohelicenes with high dipole moments were synthesized from simple perylene tetrabutylester (PTE). Taking advantage of the weak coordination ability of the sterically crowded peri ester groups in PTE, efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed 2,8- and 2,11-bisiodinations of the perylene core were realized. The 2,8- and 2,11-diiodinated PTEs and PDIs represent key synthons for further ortho-π-extensions. In contrast to most helical π-skeletons that feature loose molecular packings, enantiomerically pure C-shaped PDI azahelicenes adopt unique spiral-stair-like π-stacking superstructures.