A Bone Scan Is Valuable for Primary Staging of Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer in a Low-Resource Setting (Nigeria)

Akintunde T Orunmuyi; Sikiru A Adebayo; Olayinka S Ilesanmi; Augustine O Takure; E Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa

doi:10.1007/s13139-021-00735-1

A Bone Scan Is Valuable for Primary Staging of Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer in a Low-Resource Setting (Nigeria)

Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2022 Apr;56(2):96-101. doi: 10.1007/s13139-021-00735-1. Epub 2022 Jan 28.

Authors

Akintunde T Orunmuyi¹, Sikiru A Adebayo², Olayinka S Ilesanmi³, Augustine O Takure², E Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
² Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Urology Division, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
³ Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Abstract

Objective: There is a paucity of information on bone scanning for prostate cancer from low-resource countries. This study evaluated the role of bone scan in the primary staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer in one such setting.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 126 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer undergoing an initial staging bone scan between January 2017 and December 2020 was carried out at a regional nuclear medicine center in Nigeria. Bone scan results were analyzed according to age, serum level of baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and Gleason score. Equivocal scans and patients with no Gleason score or baseline PSA were excluded from the analysis. p < 0.05 was said to be significant statistically.

Results: Of 111 patients (aged 38-84 years, median 66 years), who met the inclusion criteria, 26 (23%) men had evidence of bony metastases as shown by a positive bone scan. Higher PSA levels and Gleason scores were associated with an increased risk of a positive bone scan, p < 0.001. No patient with a PSA level < 20 ng/mL and a Gleason score of < 7 had a positive bone scan.

Conclusion: The role of bone scanning in staging newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients in Nigeria is consistent with global reports. Our study confirms that a bone scan finding is well associated with the risk classification using PSA and Gleason score in our population.

Keywords: Bone scan; Gleason score; Metastasis; PSA; Prostate cancer.