Enhanced Electrochemical Sensor for Electrocatalytic Glucose Analysis in Orange Juices and Milk by the Integration of the Electron-Withdrawing Substituents on Graphene/Glassy Carbon Electrode

Rahadian Zainul; Illyas Md Isa; Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid; Norhayati Hashim; Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif; Mohamad Idris Saidin; Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad; M Si Suyanta; Yulkifli Amir

doi:10.1155/2022/5029036

Enhanced Electrochemical Sensor for Electrocatalytic Glucose Analysis in Orange Juices and Milk by the Integration of the Electron-Withdrawing Substituents on Graphene/Glassy Carbon Electrode

J Anal Methods Chem. 2022 Apr 12:2022:5029036. doi: 10.1155/2022/5029036. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Rahadian Zainul¹, Illyas Md Isa^{2

3}, Siti Nur Akmar Mohd Yazid^{2

3}, Norhayati Hashim^{2

3}, Sharifah Norain Mohd Sharif^{2

3}, Mohamad Idris Saidin^{2

3}, Mohamad Syahrizal Ahmad^{2

3}, M Si Suyanta⁴, Yulkifli Amir⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia.
² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Malaysia.
³ Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
⁵ Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia.

Abstract

In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor was developed by electron-withdrawing substituent modification of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-5-pyrazolone on a graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode (HPMpFP-graphene/GCE) for glucose detection. The results of characterizations using a scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed the successful fabrication of HPMpFP-graphene nanocomposite, which served as an electroactive probe for glucose detection. The electron transfer ability of HPMpFBP-graphene/GCE has been successfully revealed using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. The good electrochemical performance was shown by well-defined peak currents of square wave voltammetry under various parameters, including pH, HPMpFP and graphene composition, and scan rate effect. A high electrochemically evaluated surface area using chronoamperometry suggested that the present glucose detection response was intensified. The chronoamperometry results at a work potential of 0.4 V presented a wide linear range of 1 × 10³-90 µM and 88-1 µM with 0.74 µM (S/N = 3) as the detection limit. An acceptable recovery has been revealed in the real sample analysis. The electrochemical sensing behaviour of the composite indicates that it may be a promising candidate for a glucose sensor and it significantly extends the range of applications in the electrochemical field.