Hydrophobicity of Denture Base Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Mohammed M Gad; Reem Abualsaud; Soban Q Khan

doi:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_213_21

Hydrophobicity of Denture Base Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2022 Apr 8;12(2):139-159. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_213_21. eCollection 2022 Mar-Apr.

Authors

Mohammed M Gad¹, Reem Abualsaud¹, Soban Q Khan²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this article is to review the factors that attract Candida albicans to denture base resin (DBR) and to verify the influence of different surface treatments, chemical modification, or structural reinforcements on the properties of DBR.

Materials and methods: Searches were carried out in PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and J-stage databases. The search included articles between 1999 and 2020. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The keywords used during the search were "Candida albicans," "Denture base," "PMMA," "Acrylic resin," "Surface properties," "hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity," "contact angle," and "surface free energy." English full-text articles involving in-vitro studies with different acrylic resin modifications were included, whereas abstracts, dissertations, reviews, and articles in languages other than English were excluded. A meta-analysis was performed where appropriate.

Results: Out of the 287 articles, 21 articles conformed to inclusion criteria. Sixteen articles were subjected to meta-analysis using random-effects model at 95% confidence interval. Results showed that DBR coatings/plasma coatings were effective methods to modify surface properties with estimated contact angle (CA) of 59.37° [95% confidence interval (CI): 53.69, 65.04]/55.87° (95% CI: 50.68, 61.06) and surface roughness (R _a) of 0.55 µm (95% CI: 0.52, 0.58)/0.549 µm (95% CI: 0.5, 0.59), respectively. Antifungal particle incorporation into poly(methylmethacrylate) DBR also produced similar effects with an estimated R _a of 0.16 µm (95% CI: 0.134, 0.187).

Conclusion: The three properties responsible for C. albicans adhesion to DBR were R _a, CA, and surface free energy in terms of hydrophobicity. Therefore, the correlations between the hydrophobicity of DBR and C. albicans adhesion should be considered during future investigations for Candida-related denture stomatitis.

Keywords: Candidiasis; PMMA denture base; surface properties.

Publication types

Review