Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of pelvic peritoneal reconstruction and its effect on anal function in laparoscopy-assisted anterior resection of low and middle rectal cancer. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted. Consecutive patients with low and middle rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopy-assisted transabdominal anterior resection at Naval Military Medical University Changhai Hospital from February 2020 to February 2021 were enrolled. Inclusion criteria: (1) the distance from tumor to the anal verge ≤10 cm; (2) laparoscopy-assisted transabdominal anterior resection of rectal cancer; (3) complete clinical data; (4) rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by postoperative pathology. Exclusion criteria: (1) emergency surgery; (2) patients with a history of anal dysfunction or anal surgery; (3) preoperative diagnosis of distant (liver, lung) metastasis; (4) intestinal obstruction; (5) conversion to open surgery for various reasons. The pelvic floor was reconstructed using SXMD1B405 (Stratafix helical PGA-PCL, Ethicon). The first needle was sutured from the left anterior wall of the neorectum to the right. Insertion of the needle was continued to suture the root of the sigmoid mesentery while the Hemo-lok was used to fix the suture. The second needle was started from the beginning of the first needle, after 3-4 needles, a drainage tube was inserted through the left lower abdominal trocar to the presacral space. Then, the left peritoneal incision of the descending colon was sutured, after which Hemo-lok fixation was performed. The operative time, perioperative complications, postoperative Wexner anal function score and low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score were compared between the study group and the control group. Three to six months after the operation, pelvic MRI was performed to observe and compare the pelvic floor anatomical structure of the two groups. Results: A total of 230 patients were enrolled, including 58 who underwent pelvic floor peritoneum reconstruction as the study group and 172 who did not undergo pelvic floor peritoneum reconstruction as the control group. There were no significant differences in general data between the two groups (all P>0.05). The operation time of the study group was longer than that of control group [(177.5±33.0) minutes vs. (148.7±45.5) minutes, P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of perioperative complications (including anastomotic leakage, anastomotic bleeding, postoperative pneumonia, urinary tract infection, deep vein thrombosis, and intestinal obstruction) between the two groups (all P>0.05). Eight cases had anastomotic leakage, of whom 2 cases (3.4%) in the study group were discharged after conservative treatment, 5 cases (2.9%) of other 6 cases (3.5%) in the control group were discharged after the secondary surgical treatment. The Wexner score and LARS score were 3.1±2.8 and 23.0 (16.0-28.0) in the study group, which were lower than those in the control group [4.7±3.4 and 27.0 (18.0-32.0)], and the differences were statistically significant (t=-3.018, P=0.003 and Z=-2.257, P=0.024). Severe LARS was 16.5% (7/45) in study group and 35.5% (50/141) in control group, and the difference was no significant differences (Z=4.373, P=0.373). Pelvic MRI examination 3 to 6 months after surgery showed that the incidence of intestinal accumulation in the pelvic floor was 9.1% (3/33) in study group and 46.4% (64/138) in control group (χ(2)=15.537, P<0.001). Conclusion: Pelvic peritoneal reconstruction using stratafix in laparoscopic anterior resection of middle and low rectal cancer is safe and feasible, which may reduce the probability of the secondary operation in patients with anastomotic leakage and significantly improve postoperative anal function.
目的： 探讨腹腔镜辅助中低位直肠癌前切除术中盆腔腹膜重建的安全性、有效性及对肛门功能的影响。 方法： 采用前瞻性队列研究的方法。入组2020年2月至2021年2月期间，在海军军医大学附属长海医院连续行腹腔镜辅助经腹前切除术的中低位直肠癌患者。病例纳入标准：（1）肿瘤距肛缘≤10 cm；（2）接受腹腔镜辅助直肠癌经腹前切除术；（3）临床资料完整；（4）术后病理诊断为直肠腺癌。排除标准：（1）急诊手术；（2）既往肛门功能不良者或行肛门手术者；（3）术前诊断远处（肝、肺）转移；（4）合并肠梗阻；（5）手术中因各种原因中转开腹手术的患者。盆底腹膜重建方法：使用SXMD1B405（STRATAFIX螺旋PGA-PCL，Ethicon）。第1针从直肠左前壁向右侧缝合固定重建直肠，随后继续进针缝合至乙状结肠系膜根部，然后用Hemo-lok固定；第2针从第1针的起点开始，3~4针后，经左下腹套管针孔置入骶前引流管，随后继续缝合左降结肠外侧腹膜切口，最后用Hemo-lok固定。比较研究组与对照组患者的手术时间、围手术期并发症、术后Wexner肛门功能评分和低位直肠前切除综合征（LARS）评分；术后3~6个月进行盆腔MRI检查，观察并比较两组患者的盆底解剖结构。 结果： 共230例患者入组研究，其中58例术中进行了盆底腹膜重建（研究组），另外172例不进行盆底腹膜重建作为对照组。两组患者一般资料的比较，差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05），具有可比性。研究组手术时间长于对照组（177.5±33.0）min比（148.7±45.5）min，差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。两组患者围手术期并发症（吻合口漏、吻合口出血、术后肺炎、尿路感染）的发生率差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）；全组共计发生吻合口漏8例，研究组2例（3.4%），经保守治疗出院；对照组6例（3.5%）中，5例（2.9%）经二次手术治疗后出院。术后Wexner评分和LARS评分，研究组为（3.1±2.8）分和23.0（16.0~28.0）分，均低于对照组的（4.7±3.4）分和27.0（18.0~32.0）分，两组比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=-3.018，P=0.003和Z=-2.257，P=0.024）；LARS严重程度分级中，研究组重度者占16.5%（7/45），对照组则占35.5%（50/141），但两组比较，差异无统计学意义（Z=4.373，P=0.373）。术后3~6个月盆腔MRI检查发现，小肠堆积于盆底的现象在研究组中的发生率为9.1%（3/33），在对照组中为46.4%（64/138），两组比较，差异有统计学意义（χ(2)=15.537，P<0.001）。 结论： 腹腔镜中低位直肠癌前切除术中采用倒刺线进行盆腔腹膜重建安全、可行，可能降低吻合口漏患者二次手术率，并能显著改善患者术后肛门功能。.
Keywords: Anal function; Laparoscopic surgery; Pelvic floor peritoneal reconstruction; Rectal neoplasms, low and middle.