Presentation Variables Associated With the Development of Severe Post-obstructive Diuresis in Male Cats Following Relief of Urethral Obstruction

Kelly M Muller; Jamie M Burkitt-Creedon; Steven E Epstein

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.783874

Presentation Variables Associated With the Development of Severe Post-obstructive Diuresis in Male Cats Following Relief of Urethral Obstruction

Front Vet Sci. 2022 Apr 5:9:783874. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.783874. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Kelly M Muller¹, Jamie M Burkitt-Creedon², Steven E Epstein²

Affiliations

¹ School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
² Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.

Abstract

Background: Diuresis following relief of urethral obstruction is a potentially life-threatening complication of feline urethral obstruction. Evidence regarding the incidence of post-obstructive diuresis (POD) in cats is scarce. Establishing historical, physical examination, and initial clinicopathologic variables associated with risk for developing POD may better enable clinicians to direct treatment for this common feline emergency and to educate clients regarding financial expectations.

Objectives: To report the incidence of POD in a large group of cats with urethral obstruction and determine whether select presenting physical examination or initial clinicopathologic variables may predict the onset or severity of POD.

Methods: The records of 260 cats that were admitted to the University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for urethral obstruction were reviewed. Urine output after urethral catherization was categorized into no POD (urine output ≤ 2 mL/kg/h), mild-moderate POD (urine output > 2 but <5 mL/kg/h) and severe POD (urine output ≥ 5 mL/kg/h). Select presentation physical examination, venous acid-base, electrolyte, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis results were compared among the groups.

Results: 67.7% of cats experienced POD, and in 35% of cats it was categorized as severe. Evaluated historical and physical examination variables correlated with development of POD were lower body weight and, for severe POD, hypovolemia. Clinicopathologic variables associated with development of POD included acidemia, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia, and hypoalbuminemia. Cats with severe POD were hospitalized a median of 1 day longer than those without POD.

Conclusions: Results of the present study indicate that there are presentation variables associated with onset and severity of POD following relief of feline urethral obstruction.

Keywords: acidemia; azotemia; feline; feline idiopathic cystitis; feline urethral obstruction; hyperkalemia; hypovolemia [MesH]; post-obstructive diuresis.