Microcytic Anemia: An Insidious Presentation of Sickle Cell Beta+ Thalassemia, a Rare Sickle Cell Variant

Abstract

Sickle cell disease variants can commonly present as life-threatening complications, like sequestration crisis, hypersplenism, or stroke. However, clinicians should also look for milder findings like asymptomatic chronic anemia mimicking iron deficiency as a milder, more insidious clue to an underlying sickle cell variant. Early investigations of these milder symptoms can potentially reduce the risk of more severe complications such as vaso occlusive crisis. In this report, we present a 75-year-old African-American female, who was referred to the hematology clinic for chronic anemia without any history of vaso occlusive crisis and was eventually diagnosed with sickle cell beta plus thalassemia as per hemoglobin electrophoresis. Here, we review the challenges in diagnosing rarer types of sickle cell disease and the importance of educating patients about the diagnosis. This rare type demands clinicians' awareness to identify the disease early and to understand the etiology of the complications, if any, that occur.

Keywords: adult sickle cell anemia; beta thalassemia; microcytic hypochromic anemia; sickle cell beta-thalassemia; sickle cell disease: scd.