Effect of Mineral Nutrition and Salt Spray on Cucumber Downy Mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis)

Dor Barnea; Uri Yermiyahu; Dalia Rav-David; Yigal Elad

doi:10.3390/plants11081007

Effect of Mineral Nutrition and Salt Spray on Cucumber Downy Mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis)

Plants (Basel). 2022 Apr 7;11(8):1007. doi: 10.3390/plants11081007.

Authors

Dor Barnea^{1

2

3}, Uri Yermiyahu³, Dalia Rav-David¹, Yigal Elad¹

Affiliations

¹ Department Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Institute, 68 Hamakabim Rd, Rishon LeZion 7534509, Israel.
² The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
³ Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev 2, Bet-Dagan 8528001, Israel.

Abstract

It was previously shown that spraying with CaCl₂, MgCl₂, KCl, and K₂SO₄ and high N and Mg concentrations in the irrigation water of potted cucumber plants reduced powdery mildew, while medium P and high K concentrations increased powdery mildew. In the present work, we tested the effect of irrigation with N, P, K, Ca, and Mg and spraying with salts on downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) of cucumber (CDM). In potted plants, an increase in N concentration in the irrigation water resulted in a major increase in CDM severity, while an increase in K or Ca concentrations resulted in a gradual increase in CDM severity. An increase in P and Mg concentrations in the irrigation water resulted in a major CDM decrease. Spraying with Ca, Mg, and K salts with Cl and SO₄ anions resulted in CDM suppression in most cases, and a negative correlation was obtained between the salt and anion molar concentrations and the CDM severity. Using NaCl sprays, both Na and Cl concentrations were negatively related to the CDM severity. MgCl₂ (0.1 M Cl), K₂SO₄ (0.1 M SO₄), MgCl₂ + K₂SO₄, and monopotassium phosphate (MKP, 1%) sprayed under commercial-like (CL) conditions significantly reduced CDM by 36.6% to 62.6% in one disease cycle, while, in a second cycle, CDM was significantly reduced only by K₂SO₄ and MKP. In conclusion, fertigation with P and Mg, and salt spraying decreased CDM, while only spraying under CL resulted in CDM suppression.

Keywords: Cucumis sativus; agrotechnical control; chloride; cultural control; downy mildew; integrated management; magnesium; plant disease; potassium.