Calcium ion can alleviate ammonia inhibition on anaerobic digestion via balanced-strengthening dehydrogenases and reinforcing protein-binding structure: Model evaluation and microbial characterization

Abstract

Experimental investigation and model simulation was combined to identify the effect of metal ions on mitigating ammonia inhibition during anaerobic digestion. Five metal ions (Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe) were tested in reactors with 1 g-glucose/L/d and 5 g-N/L under fed batch operation. Ca addition was considered the optimal approach with a 25% increment in methane production via balanced-strengthening dehydrogenases and reinforcing protein-binding structure. Gene-sequencing results suggested 50% and 15% increment in acetotrophic-related and hydrogenotrophic-related dehydrogenases, respectively, after Ca addition. The Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 was modified by introducing lactate-related reactions, syntrophic acetate oxidation process, and kinetic equation of metal ions, with satisfactory predictions of methane and intermediates (R² > 0.80). The lowest affinity constant K_{I_MI} value was obtained with Ca supplement, indicating the highest conversion rate of substrates to methane. The model evaluation revealed the balanced ratio on the enzyme contribution of acetotrophic to hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.

Keywords: Ammonia inhibition; Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1; Functional enzyme; Lactate; Methanogenesis.