Pouched lamprey (Geotria australis) or kanakana/piharau is a culturally and ecologically significant jawless fish that is distributed throughout Aotearoa New Zealand. Despite its importance, much remains unknown about historical relationships and gene flow between populations of this enigmatic species within New Zealand. To help inform management, we assembled a draft G. australis genome and completed the first comprehensive population genomics analysis of pouched lamprey within New Zealand using targeted gene sequencing (Cyt-b and COI) and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) methods. Employing 16 000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from RADSeq (n = 186) and sequence data from Cyt-b (766 bp, n = 94) and COI (589 bp, n = 20), we reveal low levels of structure across 10 sampling locations spanning the species range within New Zealand. F-statistics, outlier analyses, and STRUCTURE suggest a single panmictic population, and Mantel and EEMS tests reveal no significant isolation by distance. This implies either ongoing gene flow among populations or recent shared ancestry among New Zealand pouched lamprey. We can now use the information gained from these genetic tools to assist managers with monitoring effective population size, managing potential diseases, and conservation measures such as artificial propagation programs. We further demonstrate the general utility of these genetic tools for acquiring information about elusive species.
E mihi ana mātou ki a Papatūānuku rāua ko Ranginui, me ngā awa kāinga o te kanakana/piharau hoki. Ka mihi hoki mātou ki ngā whānau, ngā hapū, me ngā iwi e tiaki nei i tēnei taonga, ā, ki te kanakana/piharau hoki nāna i whakatakoto te ara o tēnei rangahau. Nā ngā ingoa maha mō tēnei kararehe (tae ana ki ko pihapiharau, rātou ko kanakana, ko korokoro, ko kanakana wairaki, ko nganangana, ko pipiharau, ko puhikorokoro, ko tuna korokoro, ko pia, ko piharau) ko kanakana/piharau te ingoa ka whakamahi mō tēnei tuhinga. He taonga tēnei kararehe kauae kore, te kanakana/piharau (Geotria australis), ā, he hirahira hauropi hoki ki a Aotearoa whānui. Ahakoa tōna whakahirahira me te hōhonu o te mātauranga Māori, he nui ngā pātai e toe ana e pā ana ki te whakapapa tawhito me te whakawhiti o ngā ira kei waenganui ngā taupori o tēnei momo manganga kei Aotearoa, te kanakana/piharau. Hei tautoko ngā kaitiaki, i hangaia e mātou tētahi huinga ira hukihuki o te Geotria australis. Waihoki, nā te pānui o te pītau ira o ētahi ira (Cyt-b me COI) me ngā ira karihi pīwawa (RADSeq), i whakaputa te tātari matai iranga tuatahi o ngā taupori o te piharau/kanakana ki Aotearoa ki ngā ira karihi. Nā te whakamahi o ngā pītau ira (SNPs) 16,000 mai te RADSeq (tīpako = 186), te Cyt-b (766 te roanga, tīpako = 94), me te COI (589 te roanga, tīpako = 20) i whāwhāki mātou he iti rawa te rerekētanga o ngā rohe pītau ira i waenganui ngā wahi tīpako e horahia ngā nohonga whānui o ngā piharau/kanakana. E mea ana ētahi tatauranga (arā, F-statistics, outlier analyses, me STRUCTURE) kōtahi anake te taupori kanakana/piharau o Aotearoa. I kite hoki i roto i ngā tatauranga Mantel me EEMS kahore he wehewehenga o ngā pītau ira nā te pāmamao o ngā awa. Nā reira, e pūheke tonu ana te ai o ngā kanakana/piharau i waenganui ngā taupori o te motu, he whānaunga tata ngā tupuna o ngā piharau/kanakana nō Aotearoa rānei. E ai ki te whakataukī, he kaha te manawa o te piharau. Ko te tūmanako he orite te oranga o te piharau/kanakana ki te manawa piharau, ā, ka āwhina tēnei rangahau i ngā kaitiaki kia āta mātakitaki te rahi o te taupori, kia whakamauru ngā tahumaero, ā, kia tautoko te whakamakurutanga o te piharau/kanakana hoki. He pai hoki ēnei tātari ira mō te rangahau i ngā kararehe matawhiwhiu.
Keywords: Southern Hemisphere lamprey; conservation genetics; effective population size; gene flow; genome; historical demography.
© The American Genetic Association. 2022.