Objective: Periodontitis (POD) is an infectious process directed at the structures supporting the teeth. Destruction of alveolar bone is considered one of the main causes of tooth loss in humans and is mediated by the host immune response. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a protein that inhibits bone resorption by binding to the RANK ligand (RANKL), prevents osteoclastic differentiation. The aim of the study was to determine the plasma levels of OPG in patients with POD.
Methods: a case-control study with forty-nine patients with POD and 49 healthy controls were included in the study. OPG levels were determined by an ELISA test in plasma samples.
Results: OPG values (1.6203 ng/mL) were higher in the POD group compared with control group (1.2824 ng/mL). Among the studied groups, we detected significant differences in age, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), and plasma concentration of OPG (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: plasma OPG levels are associated with bone formation and destruction processes, suggesting that OPG acts in a protective manner.
Keywords: Bone resorption; ELISA; Osteoclasts; Osteoprotegerin; Periodontitis.