Purpose: To identify obese patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using a combined index of obesity and sarcopenia.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we firstly conducted analysis of covariance to select each index most associated with the CVD risk score, the number of concomitant CVD risk factors, among obesity- (body mass index, percentage body fat, or waist circumference [WC]) and sarcopenia-evaluated indices (skeletal muscle mass index, handgrip strength, or muscle quality [MQ]), respectively in 188 Japanese obese patients (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 73 men and 115 women). Next, we conducted multivariate logistic regression analysis to compare the four groups (Group A-D) classified by medians of the selected indices.
Results: WC and MQ were selected as the indices most associated with the CVD risk scores, respectively. The CVD risk score was significantly higher in Group B (low WC and low MQ) and Group D (high WC and low MQ) with higher prevalence of diabetes as compared with Group A (low WC and high MQ). Adjusted for sex and age, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 2 were significantly higher in Group B, Group C (high WC and high MQ), and Group D compared with Group A. Furthermore, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 3 were significantly higher only in Group D compared with Group A (4.29 [95% confidence interval: 1.49-12.33], p = 0.007).
Conclusion: Combined index of WC and MQ was useful in Japanese obese patients at high risk of CVD, regardless sex and age.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Muscle quality; Obesity, Sarcopenia; Sarcopenic obesity; Waist circumference.
© 2022. The Author(s).