Thailand is an exemplar of the challenges faced in addressing the increasing dual demands of aging populations and increasing incidence of non-communicable disease (NCDs). By understanding the dilemmas and solutions posed by Thailand, we propose a framework of key factors to be addressed in order to accelerate capacity in addressing the NCDs challenges in aging populations. Methods proposed by world health organizations to improve population health could impact NCDs if Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) are increased as well as life expectancy through these measures. Four recommendations for achieving these objectives are discussed: expand investments in health care infrastructure for NCDs prevention and early detection; expand public health policies to full population health goals; expand to universal coverage for health care access; engage multi-sectoral constituencies in policy and strategic implementation programs for health. With the emergence of an aging population and the inevitable rise in NCDs, the Thai government is engaging each element of our recommendations and grappling with the policy trade-offs in the context of broader economic and other strategic goals. The experience of Thailand in achieving its goal of population health is a case study of focus, perseverance, and consistent policy strategies.
Keywords: Aging; Global health; Health policy; Thailand; non-communicable disease.