Lack of Evidence for Blood Pressure Effects of Caffeine Added to Ibuprofen

Abstract

Background: Caffeine enhances the efficacy of non-opioid analgesics. Data on the cardiovascular health effects of caffeine intake are controversial, and studies on the cardiovascular effects of medical caffeine use are lacking.

Objective: The study aims to explore the cardiovascular effects of an ibuprofen/caffeine combination in comparison to ibuprofen alone.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a previously reported bioequivalence study of a single dose of a fixed dose ibuprofen/caffeine combination (400/100 mg) vs. ibuprofen alone in a randomized, cross-over design in 36 healthy volunteers. Plasma catecholamines were analyzed to enhance mechanistic interpretation of the data.

Results: After exclusion of 10 protocol violators (pre-dosing intake of caffeine), vital signs were comparable over a 24-h period in the absence and presence of caffeine. Plasma catecholamine levels were also comparable.

Conclusion: These data do not support the hypothesis that occasional intake of a small dose of caffeine as part of pain medication imposes a health risk due to vital sign changes. Based on the proven increase in efficacy, the addition of caffeine to non-opioid analgesics such as IBU has a favorable risk/benefit profile for occasional use.

Keywords: Caffeine; adverse effects; blood pressure; drug metabolism; heart rate; ibuprofen.