Reperfusion Cardiac Injury: Receptors and the Signaling Mechanisms

Curr Cardiol Rev. 2022;18(5):63-79. doi: 10.2174/1573403X18666220413121730.

Abstract

It has been documented that Ca2+ overload and increased production of reactive oxygen species play a significant role in reperfusion injury (RI) of cardiomyocytes. Ischemia/reperfusion induces cell death as a result of necrosis, necroptosis, apoptosis, and possibly autophagy, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. It has also been demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in RI of the heart. An increase in adrenergic system activity during the restoration of coronary perfusion negatively affected cardiac resistance to RI. Toll-like receptors are involved in RI of the heart. Angiotensin II and endothelin-1 aggravated ischemic/reperfusion injury of the heart. Activation of neutrophils, monocytes, CD4+ T-cells and platelets contributes to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our review outlines the role of these factors in reperfusion cardiac injury.

Keywords: Ca2+ overload; Heart; apoptosis; inflammation; oxidative stress; reperfusion injury.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic Agents / metabolism
  • Angiotensin II / metabolism
  • Endothelin-1 / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Inflammasomes* / metabolism
  • Ischemia / metabolism
  • Myocytes, Cardiac / metabolism
  • NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein / metabolism
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Reperfusion
  • Reperfusion Injury*

Substances

  • Adrenergic Agents
  • Endothelin-1
  • Inflammasomes
  • NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Angiotensin II