Fabrication of edible solid lipid nanoparticle from beeswax/propolis wax by spontaneous emulsification: Optimization, characterization and stability

Atefe Shirvani; Sayed Amir Hossein Goli; Jaleh Varshosaz; Laura Salvia-Trujillo; Olga Martín-Belloso

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132934

Fabrication of edible solid lipid nanoparticle from beeswax/propolis wax by spontaneous emulsification: Optimization, characterization and stability

Food Chem. 2022 Sep 1:387:132934. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132934. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Authors

Atefe Shirvani¹, Sayed Amir Hossein Goli², Jaleh Varshosaz³, Laura Salvia-Trujillo⁴, Olga Martín-Belloso⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran; Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida - Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
² Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156 83111, Iran. Electronic address: amirgoli@cc.iut.ac.ir.
³ Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
⁴ Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida - Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.

PMID: 35421652
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132934

Abstract

In the current study, the production and characterization of novel solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) using safe/low-cost natural beeswax (BW) and propolis wax (PW) and by the simple and inexpensive assay of spontaneous emulsification were studied. To fabricate SLNs, the optimum levels of surfactant/oil ratio (SOR), stirring speed, and time were obtained based on minimum particle size (PS) and polydispersity index (PDI). Therefore, the optimal conditions to produce PW and BW nanoparticles were SOR of 1.26 and 2 under stirring speed of 1050 rpm for 20 min, leading to PS of 21.9 and 23.2 nm, respectively. The contact angle of 73.7° and 62.9° for BW and PW SLNs respectively, showed suitable hydrophilicity to stabilize oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions. Temperatures over 70 °C led to a drastic increment of PS in both types of SLNs. Upon nanoparticles drying, the utilization of cryoprotectants could cause less aggregation and better reconstitution.

Keywords: Beeswax; Cryoprotectant; Propolis wax; Solid lipid nanoparticle; Spontaneous emulsification; Storage.

MeSH terms

Emulsions
Liposomes
Nanoparticles*
Particle Size
Propolis*
Surface-Active Agents
Waxes

Substances

Emulsions
Lipid Nanoparticles
Liposomes
Surface-Active Agents
Waxes
beeswax
Propolis