Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of lipocalin 2 by NiO nanoparticles/perovskite CeCuOx based immunosensor to diagnose renal failure

Titisha Chakraborty; Munmun Das; Chan Yu Lin; Kin Fong Lei; Chyuan Haur Kao

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2022.339754

Highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of lipocalin 2 by NiO nanoparticles/perovskite CeCuO_x based immunosensor to diagnose renal failure

Anal Chim Acta. 2022 May 1:1205:339754. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339754. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Authors

Titisha Chakraborty¹, Munmun Das¹, Chan Yu Lin², Kin Fong Lei³, Chyuan Haur Kao⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan, ROC.
² Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC.
³ Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
⁴ Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan, ROC; Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, 284 Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Green Technology, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: chkao@mail.cgu.edu.tw.

PMID: 35414378
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339754

Abstract

The early detection of lipocalin 2 (LCN 2), a biomarker to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI) and its consequences leading to renal failure, is highly challenging due to the lack of proper investigating tools. To overcome this issue, we developed nickel oxide nanoparticles modified cerium copper oxide (NiO Nps/CeCuO_x) thin film-based immunosensor to determine the presence of LCN 2 in the analyte. The sol-gel deposited CeCuO_x (on a silicon (Si) substrate) was post-annealed at different temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C), where 800 °C showed the optimum electrochemical performance. NiO nanoparticles, prepared by co-precipitation method, were coated on the pre-silanized CeCuO_x to obtain the NiO Nps/CeCuO_x/Si electrode. The fast electron transfer, excellent redox property, and high surface-to-volume ratio of NiO Nps/CeCuO_x based sensing electrode facilitate the successful immobilization of anti-LCN2 by carbodiimide coupling. The structural, compositional, and stoichiometric properties of the electrode were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The immunosensor achieved a significantly low limit of detection (LOD) of 4.23 ng ml^-1 for an acceptable linear range of 25-400 ng ml^-1 in voltammetric measurement. The device showed high selectivity compared to other related biomolecules. The excellent recovery rates in human serum spiked with LCN2 confirmed the feasibility of the biosensor to use in the actual clinical samples. Therefore, the NiO Nps/CeCuO_x/Si based LCN2 immunosensor paves a new route to diagnose kidney-related end-stage diseases.

Keywords: CeCuO(x); Immunosensor; LCN 2; NiO NPs.

MeSH terms

Biosensing Techniques* / methods
Calcium Compounds
Electrochemical Techniques / methods
Humans
Immunoassay / methods
Lipocalin-2
Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Nickel / chemistry
Nitric Oxide / chemistry
Oxides
Renal Insufficiency*
Titanium

Substances

Calcium Compounds
Lipocalin-2
Oxides
perovskite
Nitric Oxide
Nickel
Titanium