Produce individual medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) from swine manure: Performance evaluation and economic analysis

Abstract

Environmental issues caused by untreated animal manure require the development of resource recovery from waste through a circular economy approach. Producing medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) with higher value than biogas from manure has become promising. The objective of this study was to develop an effective individual MCCA produce process utilizing manure. In this study, animal manure was firstly anaerobic fermentation into short chain fatty acids (SCFA), then acidified manure and ethanol were fed into the chain elongation reactor with gradually increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) from 7.0 to 18.5 gCOD/L/d, and the mixed MCCA was separated individually via a fractional distillation process. The SCFA fermentation occurred mainly at the first 10 days, and the optimum concentrations of SCFA for treatments at 2 %VS, 4 %VS and 6 %VS were 6.58, 10.40 and 14.10 g/L, respectively. For the chain elongation reactor, the maximum concentrations of n-caproate and n-caprylate were 10.25 and 0.63 g/L, respectively, which were comparable with that obtained from other complex wastes. Over 90% MCCA can be recovered from the fermentation broth via the optimized extractant of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and the fractional distillation system. Preliminary economic analysis shows that this MCCA production process presented a higher economic benefit (9.25 $/m³ manure) than traditional biogas production (2.65 $/m³ manure), making MCCA production from swine manure economically competitive. This work provides a new route for manure resource recovery besides the biogas process.

Keywords: Anaerobic fermentation; Chain elongation; Economic analysis; Fractional distillation; Short chain fatty acids; Swine manure.