Sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity in Brazilian adolescents: Achievement recommendations and BMI associations through compositional data analysis

Sabrina Fontes Domingues; Cristiano Diniz da Silva; Fernanda Rocha Faria; Helton de Sá Souza; Paulo Roberto Dos Santos Amorim

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266926

Sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity in Brazilian adolescents: Achievement recommendations and BMI associations through compositional data analysis

PLoS One. 2022 Apr 11;17(4):e0266926. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266926. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Sabrina Fontes Domingues¹, Cristiano Diniz da Silva², Fernanda Rocha Faria³, Helton de Sá Souza¹, Paulo Roberto Dos Santos Amorim¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
² Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora-Advanced Campus Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
³ Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Abstract

Physical activity, sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are habitual human behaviors (HHB) which are modifiable throughout the different life phases. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze how the time distribution throughout the day among HHB may be associated with body mass index (BMI). These results could provide inferences which can guide interventions that trigger changes in adolescent behaviors in favor of their health. The objective of this study was to verify the proportion of adolescents who meet the recommendation of sleep, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and screen time (ST); to analyze the associations between HHB and BMI, and to determine possible changes in BMI associated with time reallocation between different HHB. Daily HHB recommendations (yes/no) were analyzed by frequency distribution. Compositional data analyses were used to examine the association between HHB and the BMI z-score (zBMI) with covariates (sex, age, and socioeconomic status). Compositional isotemporal substitution models estimated the change in zBMI associated with HHB reallocations from 15 to 120 minutes. A total of 185 adolescents were included (15 to 18 years, 50.8% boys). Thus, total sleep time, SB, light physical activity (LPA) and MVPA were measured by 24-hour accelerometry for seven consecutive days. ST, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status were assessed using a questionnaire. Sleep, MVPA, and ST recommendations were achieved by 32.97%, 8.10%, and 1.08% of the sample, respectively. No adolescent was able to achieve all of the daily recommendations. Age was significantly and positively associated with zBMI (p<0.001). Simply replacing 75, 90, and 120 minutes of MVPA by LPA led to an estimated significant increase in zBMI (95CI% z-value, 0.01 to 1.49). The HHB relocation estimates in 24h did not show positive effects on zBMI, nor did it increase the time engaged in MVPA, which may raise the hypothesis that other parameters related to obesity and their related interactions need to be better understood.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Accelerometry
Adolescent
Body Mass Index
Brazil
Cross-Sectional Studies
Data Analysis*
Exercise
Female
Humans
Male
Sedentary Behavior*
Sleep

Grants and funding

SFD The Coordination of the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br "This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001". NO - Include this sentence at the end of your statement: The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.