Eukaryotic community composition and dynamics during solid waste decomposition

Abstract

Consortia of microbial community are involved in organic waste decomposition in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill via competition, syntropy, and predation. Bacterial and archaeal community structure and function have been extensively studied in this process, whereas the eukaryotic community structure and function are largely unidentified. This gap stands for one of the fundamental researches of microbial ecology, that is, "what is the importance of variation in eukaryotic community structure and function to solid waste decomposition? The main idea of this work is to characterize changes in eukaryotic community composition and the associated driver during solid waste decomposition. Using high throughput sequencing targeting 18S rRNA genes, community composition and dynamics of eukaryotic during solid wasted decomposition were studied, as well as the differences with solid waste and leachate physiochemical parameters. Concomitant to the expected changes in physiochemical factors, eukaryotic community composition and diversity changed along solid waste decomposition indicated by aerobic phase (AP), anaerobic acid phase (ACP), and methanogenic phase (MP) and the structure was shaped by the nutrients (BOD₅, total phosphorus, and nitrate) in leachate. Ascomycota, the predominant eukaryote, showed significant (p < 0.05) different structure among AP, ACP, and MP in phylum, genera, and species levels. Abundant Freshwater Opisthokonta was present in MP, suggesting a methane carbon cycling via grazing methane oxidation microorganism. Amoebozoa, Alveolata, Rhizaria, and Stramenopiles showed successional pattern during solid waste decomposition, indicating a short food chain establishment. Characterization on eukaryotic community composition and dynamics during solid waste decomposition are crucial for understanding of microbial consortia ecological function on solid waste decomposition and are also helpful for MSW management.Key points• Abundant Ascomycota significantly differed at AP, ACP, and MP.• Eukaryotic succession indicated a short food chain establishment.• Entire eukaryotic community structure was associated to nutrients in leachate.

Keywords: Ascomycota; Eukaryotic community composition and dynamics; Freshwater Opisthokonta; Short food chain; Solid waste decomposition.