Background: Individuals from low-income groups report disproportionate rates of cigarette use, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure with increased morbidity and mortality. Smoking bans in public housing have been enacted in attempt to reduce tobacco use and SHS exposure among lower income individuals. This study investigated the support needs of tobacco users living in two public housing complexes in Detroit, Michigan (USA), including their perspectives on smoking, resources and barriers for smoking cessation, and the impact of policy changes.
Methods: This is a mixed-methods study, using a qualitative focus groups approach and a short survey, public housing residents interview data was analyzed to explore themes related to smoking-related issues. Specifically, six themes were assessed across four focus groups: (1) Quitting Smoking, (2) Current Smoking Cessation Resources, (3) Legal Mandates, (4) Education and Perceptions of Smoking, (5) Community Needs and Barriers, and (6) Medical Experiences.
Results: There were 59 participants; the majority (39/42, 93%) of smokers reported at least one quit attempt. During the focus groups, several participants indicated a desire to quit smoking but reported barriers to smoking cessation, such as lack of access to medications, social triggers to continue smoking, and socioeconomic stressors. A number of suggestions were provided to improve smoking cessation resources, including support groups, graphic images of smoking-related diseased tissue, and better communication with health care providers.
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate smoking bans in two public housing complexes can be effective yet are dependent upon a complex set of issues, including numerous barriers to care.
Keywords: barriers; low socioeconomic status; public housing; smoking cessation; smoking mandates.