Clinical Importance of FNDC-5 and Selectin-E mRNA Expression Among Type 2 Diabetics with and without Obesity

Amit K Verma; Alanoud Aladel; Sadaf Dabeer; Irfan Ahmad; Mohammad Idreesh Khan; Malak Ghazi Almutairi; Alhanouf I Al-Harbi; Mirza Masroor Ali Beg

doi:10.2147/DMSO.S352483

Clinical Importance of FNDC-5 and Selectin-E mRNA Expression Among Type 2 Diabetics with and without Obesity

Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022 Apr 2:15:1011-1021. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S352483. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Amit K Verma^{1

2}, Alanoud Aladel³, Sadaf Dabeer⁴, Irfan Ahmad⁵, Mohammad Idreesh Khan⁶, Malak Ghazi Almutairi⁷, Alhanouf I Al-Harbi⁸, Mirza Masroor Ali Beg^{9

10}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India.
² Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, India.
³ Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA.
⁵ Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arras, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of nutrition, Almethnab General Hospital, Qassim Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al Mithnab, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Faculty of Medicine, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
¹⁰ Centre for Promotion of Medical Research, Ala-Too International University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is growing illnesses associated with metabolic dysregulation such as obesity affecting a large population become leading causes of death worldwide. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC-5) and selectin-E were suggested to have effects on metabolism and diabetes, therefore present study aimed to evaluate the clinical importance of FNDC-5 and selectin-E among the T2DM patients with and without obesity.

Methods: Study included cohort of 200 T2DM patients with and without obesity. We evaluated FNDC-5, selectin-E mRNA expression as well as vitamin-D, and vitamin-B12 levels in among the T2DM patients with and without obesity.

Results: Study observed significant difference in biochemical parameters included in study. T2DM patients with obesity had significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels (p<0.0001) and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) (p<0.0001) compared to those T2DM patients without obesity. T2DM patients with obesity also had higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.001), LDL (low density lipoprotein) (p=0.02), TG (triglycerides) (p=0.02) and cholesterol (p=0.01) compared to T2DM patients without obesity. The mRNA expression of FNDC-5 (p<0.0001) was lower in T2DM patients with obesity compared to T2DM patients without obesity. It was observed that the T2DM patients with vitamin-D deficiency had significantly lower FNDC-5 mRNA expression (p=0.03) when compared with those with sufficient vitamin-D level. T2DM patients with clinically normal vitamin-B12 level expressed 0.60 fold FNDC-5 mRNA expression while B12 deficient T2DM patients had 0.28 fold FNDC-5 mRNA expression (p=0.005). No as such significant association was was observed with selectin-E. A negative correlation of FNDC-5 mRNA expression with Post prandial glucose (mg/dl) (p=0.04) and TG (mg/dl) (p=0.02) was observed.

Conclusion: FNDC-5 down regulation was observed with T2DM with obesity, vitamin-D and vitamin-B12 deficiency suggesting obesity, vitamin-D and vitamin-B12 deficiency could be the factor for FNDC-5 down-regulation leading to worseness or progression of disease. We suggest that FNDC-5 down-regulation could be used as an indicator for T2DM worseness and development of other associated complications.

Keywords: FNDC-5; expression; mRNA; obesity; selectin-E; type 2 diabetes mellitus.