Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of coronavirus: One health approach for a global strategy

Ricardo Faustino; Miguel Faria; Mónica Teixeira; Filipe Palavra; Paulo Sargento; Maria do Céu Costa

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100383

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of coronavirus: One health approach for a global strategy

One Health. 2022 Jun:14:100383. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100383. Epub 2022 Apr 4.

Authors

Ricardo Faustino^{1

2

3

4

5}, Miguel Faria¹, Mónica Teixeira^{1

6}, Filipe Palavra^{1

7}, Paulo Sargento^{1

6}, Maria do Céu Costa^{1

8}

Affiliations

¹ Research Group in Health Sciences and Technologies - NICiTeS, Ribeiro Sanches Higher School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Lusophony (IPLuso) Lisbon, Portugal.
² Portuguese Red Cross Higher Health School (ESSCVP), Lisbon, Portugal.
³ Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
⁴ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁵ Faculty of Engineering, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.
⁶ Clinic São João De Deus, R. António Patrício 25, 1700-048 Lisbon, Portugal.
⁷ Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal.
⁸ CBIOS, School of Health Sciences and Technologies, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.

Abstract

Coronaviruses have been responsible for major epidemic crises in 2003 with SARS-CoV-1, in 2012 with MERS-CoV and in 2019 with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), causing serious atypical pneumonia in humans. We intend, with this systematic analysis and meta-analysis, to clarify the prevalence of the various strains of coronavirus in different animal species. For this purpose, we carried out an electronic survey using Pubmed's Veterinary Science search tool to conduct a systematic assessment of published studies reporting the prevalence of different strains of coronavirus in different animal species between 2015 and 2020. We conducted different analysis to assess sensitivity, publication bias, and heterogeneity, using random effect. The final meta-analysis included 42 studies for systematic review and 29 in the meta-analysis. For the geographic regions with a prevalence greater than or equal to 0.20 (Forest plot overall; prevalence = 0.20, p < 0.01, Q = 10,476.22 and I2 = 100%), the most commonly detected viruses were: enteric coronavirus (ECoV), pigeon-dominant coronavirus, (PdCoV), Avian coronavirus M41, Avian coronavirus C46, Avian coronavirus A99, Avian coronavirus JMK, MERS-CoV, Bovine coronavirus, Ro-BatCoV GCCDC1, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Deltacoronavirus, Gamacoronavirus and human coronaviruses (HCoVs). The wide presence of different strains of coronavirus in different animal species on all continents demonstrates the great biodiversity and ubiquity of these viruses. The most recent epidemiological crises caused by coronavirus demonstrates our unpreparedness to anticipate and mitigate emerging risks, as well as the need to implement new epidemiological surveillance programs for viruses. Combined with the need to create advanced training courses in One Health, this is paramount in order to ensure greater effectiveness in fighting the next pandemics.

Keywords: Coronavirus; One health; Zoonosis.

Publication types

Review