Effects of chronic exposure to paint fumes among artisans in Lagos State, Nigeria

Iruka Celestine James; Ngozi Awa Imaga; Titilope Modupe Dokunmu; Israel Oluwafemi Adedeji; Oluwaferanmi Olaseinde Emmanuel; Morenikeji Eniola Orija

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.027

Effects of chronic exposure to paint fumes among artisans in Lagos State, Nigeria

Toxicol Rep. 2022 Mar 28:9:663-669. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.027. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Iruka Celestine James¹, Ngozi Awa Imaga^{2

1}, Titilope Modupe Dokunmu^{2

1}, Israel Oluwafemi Adedeji¹, Oluwaferanmi Olaseinde Emmanuel¹, Morenikeji Eniola Orija¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.
² Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria.

Abstract

The chronic effects of automobile paint fumes and their volatile organic constituents form detrimental air pollution with hazardous consequences especially to paint industrial workers and the population within the vicinity. This study investigated the chronic effects of exposure to paint fumes in Mushin area of Lagos, Nigeria. Fifty artisans employed in automobile painting industries were compared with 50 control group whose work does not expose them to paint fumes. Five milliliters blood was collected and used for assessment of hematological and biochemical parameters. This was compared in artisan and unexposed control group and p value of < 0.05 indicates significant difference. In artisans, kidney function analysis showed a significant decrease in potassium (3.63 ± 0.1012 mEq/L) compared to healthy control (4.26 ± 0.1699 mEq/L, p = 0.0049), as well as bicarbonate ion concentration (23.89 ± 0.3795 vs 26.40 ± 0.3578 mmol/L respectively, p = 0.0011), however, a significant increase in creatinine level was recorded in artisans than control group (1.140 ± 0.1075 vs 0.76 ± 0.03578 mg/dL, p = 0.03); which is an indicator of renal function impairment. AST and ALT levels were significantly higher in artisans (11.44 ± 0.8190 and 8.78 ± 0.7558 U/L) compared to control group (6.83 ± 0.3086 and 6.67 ± 0.3354 U/L), respectively (p < 0.05), while ALP levels were similar. For oxidative stress parameters - CAT, MDA and protein, there was a significant increase in artisans while the corresponding GSH and SOD activities decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The results showed similar Zinc and Chromium levels in both groups but Lead was not detected in any participant. The findings of this study indicate that chronic exposure to paint fumes among automobile painting artisans may impair renal function, liver function and induce oxidative damages. Creating awareness of potential dangers and recommending use of personal protective equipment among automobile painting artisans can further decrease their exposure.ga1.

Keywords: Artisans; Automobile paints; Chronic exposure; Paint fumes; Toxicity.