Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects of alcohol septal ablation (ASA) in mildly symptomatic patients (NYHA class Ⅱ) with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy(HOCM). Methods: This retrospective study included 150 mildly symptomatic patients with HOCM hospitalized in Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from March 2001 to December 2017, consisting of medical therapy group (n=102) and ASA group (n=48). Baseline clinical data were collected, patients were followed up to a mean of 6.0 (3.5, 8.1) years. Overall and HCM-related mortality events (including chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation related stroke, sudden cardiac death) were observed in the two groups. Moreover, the improvement of NYHA function classification and left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) were also evaluated. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Age of this cohort was (52.9±14.5)years, 92 cases(61.3%) were male. In the follow-up, LVOTG was reduced from (85.8±35.4)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) to (27.7±19.8)mmHg (P<0.001) in the ASA group, and from (66.3±35.0)mmHg to (56.5±27.7)mmHg in medical therapy group(P<0.01). At the last clinical follow-up, there were 32 patients (66.7%) whose LVOTG were<30 mmHg, septal thickness decreased from (20.3±3.8)mm to (16.1±3.4)mm (P<0.001), NYHA classification was also remarkably improved (P<0.001). New-onset atrial fibrillation tended to be lower in the ASA group compared to medical therapy group (9.3%(4/43) vs. 20.8%(20/96),P=0.096). Eleven patients (10.8%) in the medical therapy group and 2 patients (4.2%) in the ASA group died during the follow-up. One patient received pacemaker during the peri-procedural period, 1 patient was implanted with two-chamber pacemaker due to Ⅲ° atrioventricular block at 10 years after operation in the ASA group. Survival free of all-cause mortality of ASA group at 5 and 10 years was 97.9% and 97.9%, respectively, which was comparable to the medical therapy group (P=0.231). Survival free of HCM-related mortality was similar between the two groups (P=0.397). Conclusions: Compared with medical therapy in mildly symptomatic patients with HOCM, long-term survival rate is similar after ASA. Meanwhile, ASA can remarkably reduce LVOTG and improve the clinical status of the patients. Therefore, ASA may be used as an alternative therapy for mildly symptomatic HOCM patients.
目的： 探讨室间隔消融术（ASA）治疗症状轻微的梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（HOCM）患者的疗效。 方法： 该研究为回顾性队列研究。入选首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院2001年3月至2017年12月住院和门诊诊治的纽约心脏协会（NYHA）心功能Ⅱ级的HOCM的患者。根据治疗方式分为单纯药物治疗组（药物治疗组）和ASA治疗组（ASA组）。通过数字病例管理系统获得入选患者的一般临床资料，包括人口学资料、病史、合并症（高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、肾病及卒中）、心电图和超声心动图的检查结果、治疗方案及随访情况等。主要临床终点为全因死亡和肥厚型心肌病（HCM）相关死亡事件。有效性指标包括治疗后左心室流出道压力阶差（LVOTG）、NYHA心功能分级改善情况以及新发心房颤动况，安全性指标包括患者围术期死亡及起搏器依赖情况。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析两组患者的生存率，并采用log-rank检验进行组间比较。 结果： 研究最终纳入患者150例，年龄（52.9±14.5）岁，男性92例（61.3%）。其中药物治疗组102例、ASA组48例。与药物治疗组比较，ASA组患者年龄较小、LVOTG较大（P均<0.05）。研究随访6.0（3.5，8.1）年。末次随访结果显示，ASA组患者的LVOTG由（85.8±35.4）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa）降至（27.7±19.8）mmHg（P<0.001），其中有32例（66.7%）患者LVOTG<30 mmHg；室间隔厚度由（20.3±3.8）mm降至（16.1±3.4）mm（P<0.001）；NYHA心功能Ⅰ级者达31例（64.6%）（P<0.001）。ASA组患者新发心房颤动的比率有低于药物治疗组的趋势，但差异无统计学意义［9.3%（4/43）比20.8%（20/96），P=0.096］。随访期间共有13例患者死亡，其中药物治疗组11例（10.8%）、ASA组2例（4.2%）。ASA组1例（2.1%）患者发生围术期相关起搏器依赖，1例（2.1%）患者于术后10年因高度房室传导阻滞植入双腔起搏器。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示药物治疗组与ASA组患者总体生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.231），5、10年的总体生存率分别为92.9%、83.0%和97.9%、97.9%。药物治疗组和ASA组患者去除HCM相关死亡的累计生存率差异无统计学意义（P=0.397），5、10年两组去除HCM相关死亡的累计生存率分别为94.2%、86.1%和97.9%、97.9%。 结论： ASA治疗症状轻微的HOCM患者的有效性优于单纯药物治疗，且安全性良好。.