Analysis of furan and its major furan derivatives in coffee products on the Chinese market using HS-GC-MS and the estimated exposure of the Chinese population

Pei Cao; Lei Zhang; Yang Yang; Xiao-Dan Wang; Zhao-Ping Liu; Jian-Wen Li; Li-Yuan Wang; Sookja Chung; Moqin Zhou; Ke Deng; Ping-Ping Zhou; Ping-Gu Wu

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132823

Analysis of furan and its major furan derivatives in coffee products on the Chinese market using HS-GC-MS and the estimated exposure of the Chinese population

Food Chem. 2022 Sep 1:387:132823. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132823. Epub 2022 Mar 26.

Authors

Pei Cao¹, Lei Zhang², Yang Yang³, Xiao-Dan Wang⁴, Zhao-Ping Liu⁵, Jian-Wen Li⁶, Li-Yuan Wang⁷, Sookja Chung⁸, Moqin Zhou⁹, Ke Deng¹⁰, Ping-Ping Zhou¹¹, Ping-Gu Wu¹²

Affiliations

¹ China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China. Electronic address: caopei@cfsa.net.cn.
² China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China. Electronic address: Zhanglei@cfsa.net.cn.
³ Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China. Electronic address: yang031061yang@163.com.
⁴ China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China. Electronic address: wangxiaodan@cfsa.net.cn.
⁵ China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
⁶ China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China. Electronic address: lijianwen@cfsa.net.cn.
⁷ Zhe Jiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China. Electronic address: lywang@cdc.zj.cn.
⁸ Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China. Electronic address: skchung@must.edu.mo.
⁹ Center for Statistical Science & Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
¹⁰ Center for Statistical Science & Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: kdeng@tsinghua.edu.cn.
¹¹ China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China. Electronic address: zhoupingping@cfsa.net.cn.
¹² Zhe Jiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China. Electronic address: pgwu@cdc.zj.cn.

PMID: 35398680
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132823

Abstract

The current study analysed concentrations of furan and its derivatives in coffee products commercially available in China based on an improved headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) method and estimated health risks. A total of 101 samples of coffee products on the Chinese market was analysed. Furan (98%, ND-6569 μg/kg) and 2-methylfuran (100%, 2-29639 μg/kg) were the compounds with the highest concentrations and detection rates in coffee products. The mean dietary exposure of Chinese consumers to furan and the sum of furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran in coffee products was 0.09 and 0.46 μg/kg bw/day, respectively. For the neoplastic effects of furan, the margin of exposure (MOE) was 14,556 for the mean dietary exposure of consumers. For the non-neoplastic effects of furan, MOEs were 711 and 139 for furan and the sum of furan, 2-methylfuran and 3-methylfuran, respectively. Overall, a health concern is indicated for coffee consumers with MOEs below 10000.

Keywords: 2,5-dimethylfuran (PubChem CID: 12266); 2,5-dimethylfuran-d3 (PubChem CID: 13595812); 2-ethylfuran (PubChem CID: 18554); 2-methylfuran (PubChem CID: 10797); 2-methylfuran-d6 (PubChem CID: 131708589); 2-pentylfuran (PubChem CID: 19602); 3-methylfuran (PubChem CID: 13587); 3-methylfuran-d3 (PubChem CID: 45039817); Coffee; Exposure; Furan; Furan (PubChem CID: 8029); Furan derivatives; Furan-d4 (PubChem CID: 2733420); HS-GC–MS method.

MeSH terms

China
Coffee* / chemistry
Furans* / analysis
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / methods

Substances

Coffee
Furans