Immune-antioxidant trait, Aeromonas veronii resistance, growth, intestinal architecture, and splenic cytokines expression of Cyprinus carpio fed Prunus armeniaca kernel-enriched diets

Heba H Mahboub; Caterina Faggio; Basma M Hendam; Samah Attia Algharib; Mohamed Alkafafy; Marwa Abo Hashem; Yasmina K Mahmoud; Tarek Khamis; Heba M Abdel-Ghany; Shimaa R Masoud; Afaf N Abdel Rahman

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.048

Immune-antioxidant trait, Aeromonas veronii resistance, growth, intestinal architecture, and splenic cytokines expression of Cyprinus carpio fed Prunus armeniaca kernel-enriched diets

Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 May:124:182-191. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.048. Epub 2022 Apr 7.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt. Electronic address: hhhmb@yahoo.com.
² Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
³ Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansura University, P.O. Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, QG, Egypt; National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, China.
⁵ Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt.
⁷ Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, P.O. Box 41522, Ismailia, Egypt.
⁸ Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
⁹ Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
¹⁰ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt.
¹¹ Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt. Electronic address: afne56@gmail.com.

PMID: 35398527
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.048

Abstract

Currently, the intervention of plant by-products in the fish diet has gained tremendous attention owing to the economic and high nutritious value. The current study is a pioneer attempt to incorporate the apricot, Prunus armeniaca kernel powder (PAKP) into the Common carp, Cyprinus carpio diets, and assess its efficacy on growth, digestion, intestinal morphology, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and splenic cytokines expression, besides the antibacterial role against Aeromonas veronii infection. Apparently healthy fish (N = 120) with an initial body weight of 24.76 ± 0.03g were allotted in 12 glass aquaria (60 L) and randomly distributed into four groups (triplicates, 10 fish/aquarium). The control group (PAKP0) was fed a basal diet without additives. The second, third, and fourth groups were provided PAKP diets with various concentrations (2.5 (PAKP2.5), 5 (PAKP5), and 10 g kg^-1 (PAKP10)) respectively. After 60 days (feeding trial), sub-samples of the fish (12 fish/group) were intraperitoneally injected with 1 × 10⁷ CFU mL^-1 of A. veronii. Results revealed that body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rates were significantly augmented in the PAKP10 group in comparison to the other groups. The dietary inclusion of PAKP at all concentrations boosted the digestive capacity and maintained the intestinal morphology (average villus length, villus width, and goblet cells count) with a marked improvement in PAKP10. Moreover, fish fed on PAKP10 followed by PAKP5 then PAKP2.5 diets had noticeably elevated values of immunological biomarkers (IgM, antiprotease, and lysozyme activity) and antioxidant capabilities (the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione) as well as significant up-regulation of immune and antioxidant-related genes (TGF-β2, TLR-2, TNF-α, IL-10, SOD, GPx, and GSS). Fourteen days post-infection with A. veronii, the highest relative percentage survival of fish was observed in PAKP10 (83.33%), followed by PAKP5 (66.67%), and PAKP2.5 (50%). Our results indicated that a dietary intervention with PAKP could promise growth, digestion, immunity, and protect C. carpio against A. veronii infection in a dose-dependent manner. This offers a framework for future application of such seeds as a growth promotor, immune-stimulant, and antioxidant, besides an alternative cheap therapeutic antibacterial agent for sustaining the aquaculture industry.

Keywords: Aeromonas veronii; Apricot kernel powder; Cyprinus carpio, intestinal architecture; Splenic cytokines.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary

MeSH terms

Aeromonas veronii
Animal Feed / analysis
Animals
Antioxidants / metabolism
Body Weight
Carps* / metabolism
Cytokines / genetics
Diet / veterinary
Dietary Supplements
Disease Resistance
Fish Diseases*
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*
Plant Extracts
Prunus armeniaca* / metabolism

Substances

Antioxidants
Cytokines
Plant Extracts
Prunus armeniaca extract