Dramatic decrease of secondary organic aerosol formation potential in Beijing: Important contribution from reduction of coal combustion emission

Jun Liu; Biwu Chu; Yongcheng Jia; Qing Cao; Hong Zhang; Tianzeng Chen; Qingxin Ma; Jinzhu Ma; Yonghong Wang; Peng Zhang; Hong He

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155045

Dramatic decrease of secondary organic aerosol formation potential in Beijing: Important contribution from reduction of coal combustion emission

Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 1:832:155045. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155045. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Authors

Jun Liu¹, Biwu Chu², Yongcheng Jia¹, Qing Cao¹, Hong Zhang³, Tianzeng Chen⁴, Qingxin Ma⁵, Jinzhu Ma⁵, Yonghong Wang⁴, Peng Zhang⁴, Hong He⁶

Affiliations

¹ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
² State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: bwchu@rcees.ac.cn.
³ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
⁴ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
⁵ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
⁶ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: honghe@rcees.ac.cn.

PMID: 35398421
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155045

Abstract

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation originating from the emission of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) makes a significant contribution to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution in urban areas. Investigation on the SOA formation potential (SOAFP) can help us understand the contribution of different sources to SOA formation. To characterize the SOAFP of ambient air from anthropogenic VOCs in the urban area of Beijing, field observation was implemented using a twin oxidation flow reactor (Twin-OFRs) system in the winters of 2016 and 2017. Compared to the winter of 2016, the seasonal-average SOAFP in the winter of 2017 was found to decrease by about 74% (18.6 to 4.9 μg/m³), which is more than that of PM₁ (59%, 48.7 to 20.2 μg/m³), PM_2.5 (61%, 114.4 to 44.8 μg/m³) and CO (57%, 2.1 to 0.9 mg/m³) that mainly comes from the combustion of fossil fuels, suggesting complex affecting factors on SOAFP. The results of wind decomposition mathematical modeling showed that anthropogenic factors and favorable meteorological conditions both contributed significantly to the decrease in SOAFP. The reduction of emissions from scatter coal combustion, which is the key VOCs source for SOAFP, is probably the most important anthropogenic factor affecting SOAFP. In the winter of 2016, the ratio of benzene to toluene is 1.45 that was close to 1.54 representing coal combustion emission; however, it decreased dramatically to 1.05 in the winter of 2017, suggesting considerable reduction of VOC emissions from scatter coal combustion in the latter year due to the coal-to-gas transition in Beijing and surrounding regions. The SOAFP measured in this study considers all ambient VOCs that can react with OH radical, providing another representative method for estimating it. These results could be beneficial to understanding the factors driving SOAFP and its contribution to PM_2.5, especially in regions with high-intensity anthropogenic emissions. Synopsis: This study reported the sharp decline of secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) between two consecutive winters in Beijing and analyzed the reasons.

Keywords: Coal-to-gas; Emission reduction; SOA formation potential; Twin-OFRs; Urban area.

MeSH terms

Aerosols / analysis
Air Pollutants* / analysis
Beijing
China
Coal
Environmental Monitoring
Particulate Matter / analysis
Volatile Organic Compounds* / analysis

Substances

Aerosols
Air Pollutants
Coal
Particulate Matter
Volatile Organic Compounds