An Uncommon Presentation of Pheochromocytoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and the Importance of Long-Term Follow-Up

Acta Med Port. 2023 Jan 2;36(1):55-58. doi: 10.20344/amp.16604. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Abstract

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NFT1) is a disease caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene NF1. It is associated with a higher incidence of chromaffin cell tumors which are usually adrenal, unilateral and benign. The presence of these tumors during pregnancy is extremely rare and frequently associated with fatal outcomes. We report the case of a female patient with NFT1, who presented with paroxysmal spells of headache, palpitations, dizziness and pre-cordial discomfort, starting immediately after the delivery of her third child. Diagnostic work-up came to reveal a bilateral pheochromocytoma and the patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. Over 12 years after the initial surgery, metastatic disease was diagnosed, and a reintervention was performed. This is a rare presentation of bilateral malignant pheochromocytoma in a patient with NFT1, with postpartum occurrence of the first symptoms. This text focuses the important details and challenges found at each stage of diagnosis and follow-up.

A neurofibromatose tipo 1 (NFT1) é uma doença causada por mutações no gene supressor de tumor NF1. Está associada a uma maior incidência de tumores de células cromafins que geralmente são adrenais, unilaterais e benignos. A presença destes tumores durante a gravidez é extremamente rara e com frequência associada a resultados fatais. Relatamos o caso de uma doente com NFT1, que apresentou crises paroxísticas de cefaleias, palpitações, tonturas e desconforto pré-cordial, com início imediatamente após o parto de seu terceiro filho. A investigação diagnóstica revelou feocromocitoma bilateral e a doente foi submetida a adrenalectomia bilateral. Mais de 12 anos após a cirurgia inicial, foi diagnosticada doença metastática e efetuada reintervenção. Esta é uma apresentação rara de feocromocitoma maligno bilateral numa doente com NFT1, com ocorrência pós-parto dos primeiros sintomas. Este texto foca detalhes e desafios importantes encontrados em cada fase do diagnóstico e acompanhamento.

Keywords: Neurofibromatosis 1; Pheochromocytoma.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Gland Neoplasms* / complications
  • Adrenal Gland Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Adrenal Gland Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Brain Neoplasms* / complications
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Neurofibromatosis 1* / complications
  • Neurofibromatosis 1* / pathology
  • Paraganglioma*
  • Pheochromocytoma* / complications
  • Pheochromocytoma* / diagnosis
  • Pheochromocytoma* / surgery
  • Pregnancy