Role of tau deposition in early cognitive decline in Down syndrome

Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2022 Apr 1;14(1):e12256. doi: 10.1002/dad2.12256. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Drawing on the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (AT[N]) model, the study examined whether the tau positron emission tomography (PET) biomarker [18F]AV-1451 was associated with episodic memory problems beyond what was predicted by the amyloid beta (Aβ) PET in Down syndrome (DS).

Methods: Data from 123 non-demented adults with DS (M = 47 years, standard deviation = 6.34) were analyzed. The Cued Recall Test assessed episodic memory. Tau PET standardized update value ratio (SUVR) was assessed across Braak regions as continuous and binary (high tau [TH] vs. low tau [TL]) variable. Global PET Aβ SUVR was assessed as binary variable (Aβ- vs. Aβ+).

Results: In models adjusting for controls, tau SUVR was negatively associated with episodic memory performance in the Aβ+ but not Aβ- group. The Aβ+/TH group evidenced significantly worse episodic memory than the Aβ+/TL group.

Discussion: Similar to late-onset and autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (AD), high tau was an indicator of early prodromal AD in DS.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Down syndrome; amyloid; memory; positron emission tomography; tau.