Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on psychological health and nutritional habits in Italy: results from the #PRESTOinsieme study

BMJ Open. 2022 Apr 5;12(4):e048916. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048916.

Abstract

Objectives: The present work aims to present the results of the 'PRESTOinsieme' (which is 'we will be together soon' in English). The web-based survey (www.prestoinsieme.com) describes changes in lifestyle habits and symptoms of psychological discomfort in the Italian population during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey disseminated by messaging apps (ie, WhatsApp and Telegram) and social networks (ie, Instagram, Facebook and LinkedIn).

Setting: Italy.

Participants: Italian population older than 16 years of age.

Exposure: COVID-19 lockdown.

Main outcomes and measures: Survey respondents filled out a set of validated questionnaires aimed at assessing lifestyle habits and psychological health, that is, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to screen for psychological distress, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) to screen for post-traumatic stress and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).

Results: Survey respondents totalled 5008. Moderate or severe psychological distress was reported in 25.5% and 22% of survey respondents, respectively. Lower age, female gender, being unemployed (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.02) or being a student (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.28) were predictors of more severe depressive symptoms.

Conclusions: The present study is one of the largest population-based surveys conducted in Italy during the first COVID-19 lockdown, providing valuable data about the Italian population's psychological health. Further studies should be conducted to understand whether psychological distress persists after the end of the lockdown.

Keywords: COVID-19; anxiety disorders; nutrition & dietetics; public health.

MeSH terms

  • Anxiety / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Communicable Disease Control
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Depression / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Habits
  • Humans
  • Italy / epidemiology
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Stress, Psychological / epidemiology
  • Surveys and Questionnaires