Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the major complications of diabetes, representing a leading cause of hospitalization and non-traumatic lower limb amputations. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are statements that include recommendations intended to improve patients' outcomes by providing recommendations for key clinical issues with alternative care options. The aim of this study is to systematically review CPGs on DFUs care and generate an evidence-map for visualizing research trends and gaps in the CPGs.
Methods: A search of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, guideline databases and website of diabetes society was performed to include the diabetic CPGs. We exacted the basic information, methodological quality and reporting quality of CPGs, recommendations for DFUs care by the Excel 2016. Four researchers evaluated the methodological and reporting quality of diabetic foot CPGs by AGREE Ⅱ instrument and RIGHT checklist. The bubble plot format of evidence map was reduced by R (3.5.1) software.
Results: 22 CPGs proved eligible, which included 10 diabetic foot guidelines and 12 comprehensive diabetes guidelines. According to the recommendations of diabetic CPGs, current standard of care for DFUs care mainly involves offloading of pressure, wound care, choice of shoes and adjunctive treatment. Recommendations on offloading of pressure and wound care were consistent in 22 CPGs. However, there were some conflicts on adjunctive treatment recommendations and recommendations for choice of shoes were not accurate.
Conclusion: There is mixed quality evidence of CPGs for DFUs care, and some recommendations are inconsistent. This evidence map could provide new perspectives in presentation of evidence and help us know the need for future research to address the current gaps, as well as areas of opportunity for CPG development.
Keywords: Diabetic foot ulcers; Evidence map; Guideline; Systematic review.
Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.