Unusual presentation of maxillary plasma cell gingivitis mistakenly treated as aggressive periodontitis. (A case report)

Haitham Ahmed Helmy; Abeer Fathy Fadel; Khaled Mohammad Mansour; Mohamed Salah Yousef; Mohamed Wael Mohamed Ayad; Shehad Wael Saad; Yasser Nabil El Hadidi

doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.106998

Unusual presentation of maxillary plasma cell gingivitis mistakenly treated as aggressive periodontitis. (A case report)

Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Apr:93:106998. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.106998. Epub 2022 Mar 30.

Authors

Haitham Ahmed Helmy¹, Abeer Fathy Fadel², Khaled Mohammad Mansour³, Mohamed Salah Yousef⁴, Mohamed Wael Mohamed Ayad⁵, Shehad Wael Saad⁶, Yasser Nabil El Hadidi⁷

Affiliations

¹ Master Degree Student Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt. One Day Surgery Hospital, Egypt.
² Master Degree Student Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Resident of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, October 6 University, Egypt.
³ Master Degree Student Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Resident of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Al-Nahda University, Egypt.
⁴ Master Degree Student Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Resident of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Misr University for Science and Technology, Egypt.
⁵ Master Degree Student Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Resident of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Egyptian Railways Medical Centre, Egypt.
⁶ Assistant Lecturer of Periodontology, Department of Oral Medicine, Diagnosis and Periodontology, The British University of Egypt, Egypt.
⁷ Lecturer of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

Abstract

Introduction: A rare benign inflammatory condition of gingiva of unknown etiology, characterized by diffuse and massive infiltration of plasma cells into the sub-epithelial gingival tissue. Plasma Cell Gingivitis (PCG) is characterized by macular lesions that are bright red, velvety, sharply circumscribed, and flat to slightly elevated.

Presentation of case: Female patient 38 years old, complain of mobility of upper right 7 with dull pain and swelling related to it. She also mentioned that the upper wisdom molar at the same side was extracted a year before due to the same reason. Extraction of upper right 7 and excisional biopsy of surrounding soft tissue swelling and by laboratory investigation and analysis to the biopsy we found that the lesion is gingival plasmacytosis. Microscopic examination revealed marked squamous hyperplasia with focal ulceration and diffuse dense subepithelial plasmacytic infiltrate consistent with PCG. At higher magnification, plasma cells were seen without cellular atypia. The individual plasma cells had eccentric round nuclei with cartwheel chromatin patterns and abundant cytoplasm.

Discussion: In the current report, the surgical team performed complete scaling and root planning to remove the associated plaque to decrease any chance of recurrence or plaque induced exacerbation. The patient was instructed to change her habits to avoid the possibility of exacerbation by unknown allergen. The lesion was excised by enblock removal to decrease recurrence possibility.

Conclusion: Plasma cell gingivitis needs radical management and a thorough diagnosis should be done to rule out and differentiate it from the malignant type of plasma cell tumors like multiple myeloma.

Keywords: Chronic peridontits; Plasma cell gingivitis; Plasma cell mucositis.