Assessment of clinical and radiographic peri‑implant parameters in the obese and non-obese, along with destructive pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β - and IL-6 in patients treated with Photodynamic therapy

Abstract

Aim: The present study aims to compare and evaluate radiographic and clinical parameters along with salivary proinflammatory cytokine profiles (IL-1β - and IL-6) in the obese with peri‑implantitis.

Material and methods: Obese and non-obese participants in the present study were 80. The nonobese and obese participants were scrutinized based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All participants both obese and non-obese were subjected to full mouth mechanical debridement (MD). A single session of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was provided to all obese participants. Clinical peri‑implant parameters peri‑implant plaque index (PIPI), Peri-implant bleeding on probing (PIBoP), peri‑implant probing depth (PIPD) were assessed at baseline, three months, and six months. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was also assessed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to check the levels of IL-1β - and IL-6 in unstimulated whole saliva samples. All the parameters were assessed using the Kruskal Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Overall characteristics were assessed using descriptive statistics. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Clinical baseline periodontal parameters PIPI, PIBoP, PIPD, and MBL in non-obese participants were significantly lower compared to group I obese participants at baseline (p < 0.05). At 3 months follow-up PDT adjunct to MD in group 1 obese participants PIPI and PIPD were significantly lower compared to MD alone in non-obese participants PIP1 and PIPD. At 6 months follow up, non-obese participants with peri‑implantitis treated with MD demonstrated PIPI and PIPD significantly lower compared to obese participants treated with PDT adjunct to MD CONCLUSION: PDT adjunctive to MD enhanced periodontal parameters i.e., peri‑implant probing depth, peri‑implant plaque index, and peri‑implant bleeding on probing in obese with peri‑implantitis. Moreover, obese individuals with peri‑implantitis demonstrated high levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 than control.

Keywords: Mechanical debridement; Obese; Peri-implantitis; Photodynamic therapy; Proinflammatory cytokines.