Contributing factors of willingness and hesitancy regarding acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in primary care settings: A qualitative study in an eastern state of India

Sweety Suman Jha; Bobby Paul; Rahul Das; Biswadip Chattopadhyay; Arista Lahiri

doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_363_21

Contributing factors of willingness and hesitancy regarding acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in primary care settings: A qualitative study in an eastern state of India

J Educ Health Promot. 2022 Feb 26:11:53. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_363_21. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Sweety Suman Jha¹, Bobby Paul², Rahul Das², Biswadip Chattopadhyay², Arista Lahiri¹

Affiliations

¹ Community Medicine, Dr. B. C. Roy Multi-Speciality Medical Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
² Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Abstract

Background: For any effective vaccination strategy, the willingness of the beneficiaries and its contributing factors are important. This study was conducted among the health-care workers (HCWs) and community members to find the perceptions regarding the COVID-19 vaccine and understand the influencers and the barriers of vaccine acceptance.

Materials and methods: A qualitative study was conducted from October 2020 to December 2020 in two primary care settings in an urban area. Eighteen in-depth interviews (IDIs) after taking consent were conducted with the help of IDI guide developed and validated beforehand by the experts. IDIs were done among the ten community members and eight HCWs selected conveniently. Data collection were continued till data saturation when no new information yielded from the interviews. Thematic analysis was performed.

Results: All the participants were hopeful about availability of the vaccine. The key influencers identified for promoting willingness to accept the vaccine among both the groups were opinion of the health-care providers, colleagues' and other people's acceptance of the vaccine, effectiveness of vaccine on other people, and perceived risk of the disease. Fear of adverse reactions was the most important barrier among all the respondents. The prevalent perception was that other preventive practices and vaccine together can only be the best solution to prevent COVID-19 illness. The HCWs perceived that acceptance of vaccine among the community members would be good overall but apprehended some initial difficulties. Mass campaign to promote COVID-19 vaccination and sensitization events are the need of the hour.

Conclusions: Since opinion of health-care personnel emerged as an important influencer of vaccine acceptance, mass campaign and sensitization programs spearheaded by the health-care providers can bring about change by increasing the vaccine acceptance among the beneficiaries at large. Re-enforcement regarding practice of preventive measures should be made among the population irrespective of the vaccination status.

Keywords: COVID-19; Community; health-care workers; qualitative research; social factors; vaccine; vaccine refusal.