A Novel Prediction Model for Brain Glioma Image Segmentation Based on the Theory of Bose-Einstein Condensate

Tian Chi Zhang; Jing Zhang; Shou Cun Chen; Bacem Saada

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.794125

A Novel Prediction Model for Brain Glioma Image Segmentation Based on the Theory of Bose-Einstein Condensate

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Mar 18:9:794125. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.794125. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Tian Chi Zhang¹, Jing Zhang^{2

3}, Shou Cun Chen^{2

3}, Bacem Saada^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China.
² School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China.
³ Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network-Based Intelligent Computing, Jinan, China.
⁴ Cancer Institute, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
⁵ Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.

Abstract

Background: The input image of a blurry glioma image segmentation is, usually, very unclear. It is difficult to obtain the accurate contour line of image segmentation. The main challenge facing the researchers is to correctly determine the area where the points on the contour line belong to the glioma image. This article highlights the mechanism of formation of glioma and provides an image segmentation prediction model to assist in the accurate division of glioma contour points. The proposed prediction model of segmentation associated with the process of the formation of glioma is innovative and challenging. Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is a microscopic quantum phenomenon in which atoms condense to the ground state of energy as the temperature approaches absolute zero. In this article, we propose a BEC kernel function and a novel prediction model based on the BEC kernel to detect the relationship between the process of the BEC and the formation of a brain glioma. Furthermore, the theoretical derivation and proof of the prediction model are given from micro to macro through quantum mechanics, wave, oscillation of glioma, and statistical distribution of laws. The prediction model is a distinct segmentation model that is guided by BEC theory for blurry glioma image segmentation.

Results: Our approach is based on five tests. The first three tests aimed at confirming the measuring range of T and μ in the BEC kernel. The results are extended from -10 to 10, approximating the standard range to T ≤ 0, and μ from 0 to 6.7. Tests 4 and 5 are comparison tests. The comparison in Test 4 was based on various established cluster methods. The results show that our prediction model in image evaluation parameters of P, R, and F is the best amongst all the existent ten forms except for only one reference with the mean value of F that is between 0.88 and 0.93, while our approach returns between 0.85 and 0.99. Test 5 aimed to further compare our results, especially with CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) methods, by challenging Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) and clinic patient datasets. Our results were also better than all reference tests. In addition, the proposed prediction model with the BEC kernel is feasible and has a comparative validity in glioma image segmentation.

Conclusions: Theoretical derivation and experimental verification show that the prediction model based on the BEC kernel can solve the problem of accurate segmentation of blurry glioma images. It demonstrates that the BEC kernel is a more feasible, valid, and accurate approach than a lot of the recent year segmentation methods. It is also an advanced and innovative model of prediction deducing from micro BEC theory to macro glioma image segmentation.

Keywords: Bose-Einstein Condensate; brain glioma image segmentation; image processing; prediction model; quantum mechanics.