The Effects of Enriched Rehabilitation on Cognitive Function and Serum Glutamate Levels Post-stroke

Xin Wang; Yuan Peng; Hongyu Zhou; Wanchun Du; Junya Wang; JiaJin Wang; Tong Wu; Xiaojia Tang; Yichen Lv; Jianwei Gong

doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.829090

The Effects of Enriched Rehabilitation on Cognitive Function and Serum Glutamate Levels Post-stroke

Front Neurol. 2022 Mar 17:13:829090. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.829090. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Xin Wang¹, Yuan Peng², Hongyu Zhou¹, Wanchun Du³, Junya Wang³, JiaJin Wang⁴, Tong Wu⁴, Xiaojia Tang¹, Yichen Lv⁵, Jianwei Gong⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
² Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
³ Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
⁴ Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Dalian Medical University, Yangzhou, China.
⁵ School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to explore the effect of enriched rehabilitation (ER) on cognitive function and serum glutamate levels in patients with stroke.

Methods: Forty patients diagnosed with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), according to the inclusion criteria, and undergoing inpatient rehabilitation were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of ER treatment (ER group; n = 20) or conventional medical treatment (CM group; n = 20). In addition, 20 age-matched healthy subjects who were outpatients in our hospital during the same period formed the healthy control (HC) group. In- and between-group differences in cognitive function were assessed during pre-intervention and post-intervention based on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and the Trail Making Test (TMT). The serum levels of glutamate, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also detected pre-intervention and post-intervention.

Results: Pre-intervention cognitive function and the levels of all the serum parameters assessed significant difference between the HC group and the PSCI group (both ER and CM groups) (p < 0.05), but not between the two groups of patients with PSCI (p > 0.05). Significant improvements were observed in cognitive function in both the ER and the CM groups post-intervention compared with pre-intervention, as evidenced by the measured improvement in MoCA, SDMT, and TMT scores. Similar improvements were seen for serum glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation in both the treatment groups (p < 0.05). More enhancements in cognitive function, including MoCA, SDMT, TMT scores, and the serum levels of glutamate, the degree of oxidative damage, and the level of inflammation were shown in the ER group compared with the CM group post-intervention (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: ER can improve cognitive function in patients with PSCI. The associated mechanism may be related to the negative regulatory effect of ER on serum glutamate, TNF, and MDA levels, which is likely to enhance synaptic plasticity and alleviate oxidative stress- and inflammation-related damage, at least to some extent.

Keywords: cognitive function; enriched rehabilitation; glutamate; oxidative stress; stroke; synaptic plasticity.