Various genetic and environmental factors are associated with developmental disorders (DDs). It has been suggested that interaction between genetic and environmental factors (G E) is involved in the etiology of DDs. There are two major approaches to analyze the interaction: genome-wide and candidate gene-based approaches. In this mini-review, we demonstrate how these approaches can be applied to reveal the G E related to DDs focusing on zebrafish and mouse models. We also discuss novel approaches to analyze the G E associated with DDs.
Keywords: clinical genetics; developmental toxicity; gene-environment interaction; organoid; resilience; susceptibility.
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