Factors responsible for the emergence of novel viruses: An emphasis on SARS-CoV-2

Sanjeeb Mohapatra; N Gayathri Menon

doi:10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100358

Factors responsible for the emergence of novel viruses: An emphasis on SARS-CoV-2

Curr Opin Environ Sci Health. 2022 Jun:27:100358. doi: 10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100358. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Authors

Sanjeeb Mohapatra¹, N Gayathri Menon²

Affiliations

¹ NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower, #15-02, 138602, Singapore.
² Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India.

Abstract

Structural and genetic differences among various viruses play a significant factor in host infectivity and vulnerability to environmental stressors. Zoonoses of viruses require several recombinations and mutations in their genetic material and among several viruses allowing them to switch hosts and infect new species. Additionally, the host genetics play a significant role in successful viral transmission among various hosts. For example, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus and influenza viruses. In efficient zoonotic events, selective stresses in the host milieu-interieur are critical during viral infection of the first human host. The genetic rearrangement of the virus and the selective environmental pressure of the host immune system dominate the emergence of new viral disease outbreaks.

Keywords: Climate change; Deforestation; Poaching; SARS-CoV-2; Virus.

Publication types

Review