A Standardized Extract of Lentinula edodes Cultured Mycelium Inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infectivity Mechanisms

Mireia Tena-Garitaonaindia; Diego Ceacero-Heras; María Del Mar Maldonado Montoro; Fermín Sánchez de Medina; Olga Martínez-Augustin; Abdelali Daddaoua

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.814448

A Standardized Extract of Lentinula edodes Cultured Mycelium Inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infectivity Mechanisms

Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 16:13:814448. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.814448. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Mireia Tena-Garitaonaindia¹, Diego Ceacero-Heras¹, María Del Mar Maldonado Montoro^{2

3}, Fermín Sánchez de Medina^{4

5}, Olga Martínez-Augustin^{1

3

5

6}, Abdelali Daddaoua^{1

3

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Pharmacy School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
² Clinical Analysis Service, Hospital Campus de la Salud, Granada, Spain.
³ Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), Granada, Spain.
⁴ Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
⁶ Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

Abstract

The priority pathogen list of the World Health Organization classified Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the second top critical pathogen. Hence, the development of novel antibacterial strategies to tackle this bacterium is highly necessary. Herein we explore the potential antibacterial effect of a standardized extract of cultured mycelium of Lentinula edodes (AHCC^®) on P. aeruginosa. AHCC^® was found to inhibit the growth rate and biofilm formation of strain PAO1. No change in swarming was observed, but AHCC^® hampered swimming and twitching motility. In accordance, a decreased expression of metabolism, growth, and biofilm formation genes was shown. AHCC^® also diminished the levels of exotoxin A and bacteria inside IEC18 cells and the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF by infected macrophages. This effect was related to a reduced phosphorylation of MAPKs and to bacteria internalization. Taken together, our data suggest that AHCC^® has a potential role to prevent P. aeruginosa infections and may lead to the development of new therapies.

Keywords: AHCC®; PCR real time (qPCR); Pseudomonas aeruginosa; immune response; internalization; motility and biofilm; prebiotic; secretion system and adhesion.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from FEDER project of Junta de Andalucía, Spain (30B572F301), Ministry of Economy and Competitivity, partly with Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER funds (SAF2017-88457-R and AGL2017-85270-R), and by Junta de Andalucía (CTS235 and CTS164). MT-G was supported by the University of the Ministry of Education (Spain). CIBERehd is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III.