Background: Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance have been associated with better long-term outcomes, but adoption remains limited. There are limited data on the impact of IVUS on chronic total occlusion (CTO)-PCI.
Objectives: To examine the impact of IVUS guidance on the outcomes of CTO-PCI.
Methods: We performed a systematic review and study-level meta-analysis of IVUS vs angiography-guided CTO-PCI. Electronic databases were systematically searched for all pertinent studies from inception through January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCT), registry data, and abstracts published in peer-reviewed indexed journals were included. We examined the following in-hospital and long-term outcomes: major adverse cardiac events; all-cause mortality; cardiovascular mortality; myocardial infarction (MI); target-vessel revascularization (TVR); target-lesion revascularization (TLR); and stent thrombosis (ST). We also evaluated the following procedural metrics: procedure time; fluoroscopy time; contrast volume; total stent length; and total number of stents. Random-effects models were used to pool individual study results.
Results: Four (2 observational, 2 randomized) studies including 1975 patients (IVUS-guided PCI, 861 patients; angiography-guided PCI, 1114 patients) were included in the analysis. IVUS-guided CTO-PCI had similar all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiac events, cardiovascular mortality, MI, TVR, and TLR compared with angiography-guided CTO-PCI, but lower risk of stent thrombosis (odds ratio, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.76; P=.02; I²=0%), shorter procedure time (P<.001; I²=88%), shorter fluoroscopy time (P<.001; I²=63%), and less contrast volume use (P<.001; I²=59%). Total stent length (P<.001; I²=39%) and total number of stents (P<.001; I²=72%) were lower with IVUS-guided CTO-PCI.
Conclusion: IVUS-guided CTO-PCI is associated with lower risk of ST.
Keywords: CTO; IVUS; PCI; chronic total occlusion; intravascular imaging; percutaneous coronary intervention.