In order to obtain strains with targeted changes in genetic characteristics, molecular biology and genetic engineering techniques are used to integrate target gene fragments into the vector and transform them into recipient cells. Due to the different target genes and functional elements on the transformation plasmids, gene silencing, gene knockout, and gene overexpression can be carried out, which provides a new way to study the gene function of edible fungi. At present, the cloning vectors used in the transformation of edible fungi are modified by bacterial plasmids, among which pCAMBIA-1300 plasmid and pAN7 plasmid are the two most commonly used basic vectors. On this basis, some basic elements such as promoters, selective marker genes, and reporter genes were added to construct silencing vectors, knockout vectors, and overexpression vectors. At the same time, different expression vector systems are needed for different transformation methods. In this chapter, the main elements of the genetic system (promoters, screening markers), the current main genetic transformation methods (Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, liposome transformation, electroporation method), and the specific application of transformation were systematically summarized, which provides a reference for the study of the genetic system of edible fungi.
Keywords: Applications; Edible fungi; Genetic transformation methods.
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