Lessons learned from a delayed diagnosis of atrioesophageal fistula: A multidisciplinary approach

Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2022 Sep;45(9):1092-1096. doi: 10.1111/pace.14496. Epub 2022 Apr 9.

Abstract

Atrioesophageal fistulas are a rare complication of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) that requires rapid identification and emergent surgical repair to prevent morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a 32-year-old man with atrial fibrillation presenting with chest pain followed by rapidly progressive sepsis and embolic cerebrovascular accident 23 days after RFA. Subtle initially overlooked findings on multiple computed tomography caused a delay in diagnosis. Atrioesophageal fistulas remain diagnostically challenging. A high index of suspicion coupled with serial computed tomography of the chest with intravenous and oral contrast reviewed by a multimodal team is essential to make a timely diagnosis.

Keywords: atrial fibrillation; atrioesophageal fistula; cardiothoracic surgery; computed tomography; radiofrequency ablation; stroke.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / complications
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / diagnosis
  • Atrial Fibrillation* / surgery
  • Catheter Ablation* / adverse effects
  • Delayed Diagnosis / adverse effects
  • Esophageal Fistula* / diagnostic imaging
  • Esophageal Fistula* / etiology
  • Heart Atria / diagnostic imaging
  • Heart Atria / surgery
  • Heart Diseases* / diagnosis
  • Heart Diseases* / etiology
  • Heart Diseases* / surgery
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed / adverse effects