The association between assisted reproductive technology and cardiac remodeling in fetuses and early infants: a prospective cohort study

Wenjing Bi; Yangjie Xiao; Xin Wang; Li Cui; Guang Song; Zeyu Yang; Ying Zhang; Weidong Ren

doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02303-6

The association between assisted reproductive technology and cardiac remodeling in fetuses and early infants: a prospective cohort study

BMC Med. 2022 Apr 1;20(1):104. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02303-6.

Authors

Wenjing Bi¹, Yangjie Xiao¹, Xin Wang¹, Li Cui^{1

2}, Guang Song¹, Zeyu Yang¹, Ying Zhang¹, Weidong Ren³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# of Sanhao St. Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
² Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
³ Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36# of Sanhao St. Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China. renwdcmu@163.com.

Abstract

Background: Limited data exist regarding the potential impact of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on cardiac remodeling. In particular, whether different ART techniques are related to different cardiac alterations remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate cardiac changes in fetuses and infants arising from ART and fetal cardiac alterations in fetuses conceived by specific ART procedures.

Methods: This prospective and observational cohort study recruited 111 fetuses conceived by ART and 106 spontaneously conceived controls between December 2017 and April 2019. Echocardiography was performed between 28⁺⁰ and 32⁺⁶ weeks-of-gestation and at 0-2 and 6 months after birth.

Results: A total of 88 ART fetuses and 85 controls were included in the final analysis. Compared to controls, ART fetuses demonstrated a globular enlarged left ventricle (LV) (LV sphericity index of mid-section, 2.29 ± 0.34 vs. 2.45 ± 0.39, P = 0.006; LV area, 262.33 ± 45.96 mm² vs. 244.25 ± 47.13 mm², P = 0.002), a larger right ventricle (RV) (RV area, 236.10 ± 38.63 mm² vs. 221.14 ± 42.60 mm², P = 0.003) and reduced LV systolic deformation (LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), -19.56% ± 1.90% vs. -20.65% ± 1.88%, P = 0.013; LV GLS rate S, -3.32 ± 0.36 s^-1 vs. -3.58 ± 0.39 s^-1, P = 0.023). There were no significant differences between the ART and control groups at postnatal follow-ups. Furthermore, we found fetal cardiac morphometry and function were comparable between different ART procedures. Compared to controls, the fetuses derived from various ART procedures all exhibited impairments in the LV GLS and the LV GLS rate S.

Conclusions: Our analysis demonstrated that subclinical cardiac remodeling and dysfunction were evident in ART fetuses, although these alterations did not persist in early infancy. In addition, various ART procedures may cause the same unfavorable changes in the fetal heart.

Trial registration: This trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ) ( ChiCTR1900021672 ) on March 4, 2019, retrospectively registered.

Keywords: Assisted reproductive technology; Cardiac remodeling; Fetal echocardiography; Speckle-tracking; Tissue Doppler imaging.

Publication types

Observational Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Cohort Studies
Fetal Heart* / diagnostic imaging
Humans
Infant
Prospective Studies
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / adverse effects
Ventricular Remodeling*

Associated data

ChiCTR/ChiCTR1900021672