Identification of the Genes of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae MB03 Required for the Nematicidal Activity Against Caenorhabditis elegans Through an Integrated Approach

Muhammad Ali; Tong Gu; Xun Yu; Anum Bashir; Zhiyong Wang; Xiaowen Sun; Naeem Mahmood Ashraf; Lin Li

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.826962

Identification of the Genes of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae MB03 Required for the Nematicidal Activity Against Caenorhabditis elegans Through an Integrated Approach

Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 9:13:826962. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.826962. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Muhammad Ali^{1

2}, Tong Gu¹, Xun Yu¹, Anum Bashir¹, Zhiyong Wang¹, Xiaowen Sun¹, Naeem Mahmood Ashraf³, Lin Li¹

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
² Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
³ Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.

Abstract

Nematicidal potential of the common plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae has been recently identified against Caenorhabditis elegans. The current study was designed to investigate the detailed genetic mechanism of the bacterial pathogenicity by applying comparative genomics, transcriptomics, mutant library screening, and protein expression. Results showed that P. syringae strain MB03 could kill C. elegans in the liquid assay by gut colonization. The genome of P. syringae MB03 was sequenced and comparative analysis including multi locus sequence typing, and genome-to-genome distance placed MB03 in phylogroup II of P. syringae. Furthermore, comparative genomics of MB03 with nematicidal strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1 and PA14) predicted 115 potential virulence factors in MB03. However, genes for previously reported nematicidal metabolites, such as phenazine, pyochelin, and pyrrolnitrin, were found absent in the MB03 genome. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the growth phase of the pathogen considerably affected the expression of virulence factors, as genes for the flagellum, glutamate ABC transporter, phoP/phoQ, fleS/fleR, type VI secretion system, and serralysin were highly up-regulated when stationary phase MB03 cells interacted with C. elegans. Additionally, screening of a transposon insertion mutant library led to the identification of other nematicidal genes such as acnA, gltP, oprD, and zapE. Finally, the nematicidal activity of selected proteins was confirmed by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli.

Keywords: Caenorhabditis elegans; Pseudomonas syringae; gut colonization; nematicidal activity; pathogenomics; transcriptomics; transposon mutant library.